Traditions Customs of Great Britain free essay sample

Traditions A ; Customs of Great Britain. Every state and every state has its ain imposts and traditions. In Britian traditions play more importaint portion in the life of the people than in some other states. Englishmans are proud of their traditions and carefully maintain them up. It has been the jurisprudence for about three hundred old ages that all the theaters are closed on Sundays no letters are delivered merely a few Sunday documents are publshed. To this twenty-four hours English households prefer cotage houses with gardens to flats in a modern house with cardinal heeting. English people like gardens. Sometimes the garden in forepart of the house is a small square covered with cement painted green ( in imitation of grass ) and a box of flowers. In English houses the fire-place has ever been the Centre of involvement in a room. For many months of the twelvemonth people like to sit round the fire and watch the dance fires. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditions Customs of Great Britain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fire topographic points are decorated with woodworks, there is a picture or a mirror over it. Above the fire there is normally a shelf with a clock and some exposure. Holydays are particularly rich in old traditions and are different in cotland, Wales and England. Christmas is a great English national holyday and in Scotland it is non kept at all exeept by clerks in Bankss, all the stores and mills are working. But 6 yearss subsequently on the New Year s Eve the Scots Begin to bask themselves. Peoples invite their friends to their houses and sit the old twelvemonth out and the new twelvemonth in. In England on new Year s Eve a batch of people go to Trafalgar Square, at midnight, they all cross their weaponries fall in custodies and sing. Peoples have parties excessively, they drink toarts to the New Year Children are happy to hold nowadayss. Four times a twelvemonth the offices and Bankss in Britain are closed on Monday. These public vacations are known as Bank Holidays. The British like to pass vacations out of the town in the unfastened air. They go to the sea-side or to amusements Parkss. Londoners frequently visit the Zoo, outside London they take their households to Hamsted Heath [ h # 1085 ; mstidhi @ ] a big natural park excessively. There is normally a large carnival with many different amusements for kids merry-go-round, swings marionette shows, bright baloons. One must besides talk about such vacations ass All Fools Day, Halloween Bonfire Night, St. Valentines Day and such tradition as Eisteddfod ( a festival of which civilization ) .

Germanys Surrender essays

Germany's Surrender essays How did the terms of Germanys surrender in World War I lay the groundwork for Hitlers rise to power and ultimately World War II? The terms of Germanys surrender in World War I laid the groundwork for Hitlers rise to power and ultimately World War II because of the controversial Treaty of Versailles and the Weimar Republic. To begin, the Treaty of Versailles, derived at the Paris Peace Conference, ended World War I. The four nations that controlled the punishment of Germany, known as the Big Four, were the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy. The leaders from The Big Four were Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy. President Wilson, prior to the end of the war, had already written a treaty to end World War I. Wilsons treaty was called Wilsons Fourteen Points and would be used as the bases of the Treaty of Versailles (Versailles, OCLC). The League of Nations (Articles one through twenty-six), point fourteen of Wilsons Fourteen Points, would unite countries across the globe to stop all future wars (Fourteen Points). The League of Nations had little power in regulating countries because the United States failed to join the League. The introduction of the Treaty of Versailles dealing with the League of Nations states THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES, In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace and security by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war by the prescription of open, just and honorable relations between nations by the firm establishment of the understandings of international law as the actual rule of conduct among Governments, and by the maintenance of justice and a scrupulous respect for all treaty obligations in the dealings of organized peoples with one another Agree to this Covenant of the League of Nations (Schoenher...

Sit vs. Set

Sit vs. Set Sit vs. Set Sit vs. Set By Maeve Maddox Like many of our shortest English words, sit and set have lengthy entries in the Oxford English Dictionary. Some of the definitions overlap. Some are interchangeable. The most common uses of sit and set are similar to those of lay and lie. â€Å"To sit† is to be seated. â€Å"To set† is to place something somewhere. In these contexts, sit is intransitive and set takes an object. Mixing up sit and set is not as common as mixing up lay and lie because the principal parts of sit and set are completely different: sit, sat, (have) sat, sitting set, set, (have) set, setting However, because sit and set have so many additional uses, efforts to state a hard and fast rule as to when to use one and when the other are futile. That fact doesn’t stop people from trying. I read a comment asserting that â€Å"animate objects sit, whereas inanimate objects set, and that’s that!† If â€Å"that were that,† the following statements would represent standard usage, but they don’t. The flowers were setting on the table and the men’s tuxes were draped over chairs. We were surprised by the beautiful gift-wrapped package setting on our bed. Both â€Å"flowers† and â€Å"package† are inanimate objects, but sitting is the verb called for in both statements. The meanings of sit listed in the OED include this one:   a. Of things: To have place or location; to be situated. Ex. There were a dozen eggs still sitting on the front porch and the dustbin sat at the back of the house where the binmen had left it. The flowers were sitting on the table and the package was sitting on the bed. The expressions â€Å"to sit well† and â€Å"to set well† have differing meanings. A certain plan may not sit well with voters. Here, â€Å"to sit well† means something like â€Å"to please† or â€Å"be agreeable to.† A jacket may be said to set well on the shoulders. The OED definition for this sense of to set is, To have a certain set or hang; to sit (well or ill, tightly or loosely, etc.). In texts written about clothing, you will also see â€Å"to sit well† used in the same sense: Just because you can squeeze yourself into a garment doesn’t mean it sits well. Trousers with a wider waistband sit well. When speaking of clothing, â€Å"to set well† and â€Å"to sit well† seem to be interchangeable. In the matter of liking or not liking legislation, â€Å"to sit well† or â€Å"not to sit well† is the way to go. In speaking of an object that has been placed somewhere, the choice is â€Å"sitting.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and Expressions50 Idioms About Fruits and Vegetables13 Theatrical Terms in Popular Usage

Computer Models Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer Models Comparison - Essay Example In this respect, this paper provides a review (comparison) of three amongst the leading computer models that an organization can choose from, namely: HP Pavilion p7-1030, Velocity Micro Edge Z40, and Lenovo ThinkStation S20 (Adams, 2011). The three models are compared on the basis of their price, external features, internal features and performance. Subsequently, recommendations are made on the best model between the three for this organization to purchase. Pricing is a key element to be considered while purchasing a computer product. Retailing at $3,665, the Lenovo would be the costliest of the three models, followed by Velocity which goes for an approximate $1199. Going for $580, Pavilion is the cheapest of them all; about $2000 and $500 cheaper than Lenovo and Velocity respectively. Regarding the external features, Velocity has eight USB 2.0 ports. With that number, it falls short of Lenovo by four ports while beating Pavillion by two ports. On the upper part of the front panel, t he Pavilion further has multimedia card reader ports (MMC, XD, MS/Pro, SD and Compact Flash). At the back all the three have an Ethernet port, three audio jerks (audio-in, microphone in and audio-out) as well as a DVI video and VGA for connecting the desktop to an external display or monitor. They also come with a wired USB optical mouse and USB keyboard. The one notable downside about Velocity is that, unlike the other two, it may not come with a monitor (Adams, 2011). Internally, the Pavillion is loaded with a 1TB 7200rpm hard drive and a PCIe Mini card which delivers 802.11n Wi-Fi therefore negating the need for long Ethernet cables when connecting to the Web (Adams, 2011). It also has 8GB of DDR3 RAM which although more than sufficient, occupies the only two DIMM slots available, thereby leaving no room for expansion unless the user chooses to do so by removing one or both pre installed memory sticks. Similarly, the Velocity feature 1TB, 7200rpm hard drive, but does scale down o n the memory to provide 4GB of DDR3. Having a 500GB SATA 7200 rpm hard drive and 2GB of DDR3 RAM, Lenovo appears to scale down on two of the most essential internal features, but on the other hand, the model proceeds to compensates for this by providing ample space for two more memory sticks and two more internal hard drives. Of noteworthy, as far as internal features are concerned, the make comes with pre-installed software. In terms of operating system, all the three come with a pre installed Genuine Windows 7 Professional 64bit. Similarly, they all come with a pre installed starter version of Microsoft Office 2010. In terms of software, the only major difference between the three is that of the anti virus software pre installed in each of them. Whereas the pavilion features a 60-day trial of Norton Internet Security 2011, Lenovo comes with a 30-day trial McAffee Internet Security package. However, unlike Pavilion, Lenovo’s McAffee is merely made to lie on the hard drive un installed. This is seen as a good thing by many, because it saves organizations the steps of cleaning their PCs if they happen to use a different solution (Adams, 2011). Performance Regarding the performance, the ordinary office setting does not allow for computer games and gaming tests. And whereas it is

INFORMING AND INVOLVING EMPLOYEES HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

INFORMING AND INVOLVING EMPLOYEES HRM - Essay Example Employee participation and involvement are two different terms with two different outcomes. Cox, Marchington and Suter (2009) consider employee involvement and participation (EIP) a loose term as it can give rise to different perceptions of the terms. Different definitions and interpretations have been given of the term EIP which ranges from encouraging commitment to achieve organizational success or exercising influence over their work or personal involvement of organization al workers. According to the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) employee involvement (EI) is defined as ‘a process of employee involvement designed to provide employees with the opportunity to influence and where appropriate, take part in decision making on matters which affect them’ (LTSN, n.d.). Employee participation (EP), on the other hand, is ‘a process of employee involvement designed to provide employees with the opportunity to influence and where appropriate, take part in decision making on matters which affect them’. Thus employee participation has a direct impact on decision-making whereas employee involvement amounts to support, understanding, commitment and contribution (AC219, n.d.). EI has been identified as a means to secure commitment and high performance which has resulted in an increase in the interest in employee involvement and participation. EI has been a major area of growth in the UK since early 1980s. It includes team-working (including self-managed teams), team briefing, downward communications, two-way communications, suggestion schemes, problem-solving groups, and financial participation (including profit-sharing schemes). Performance is a function of ability, motivation and Oppurtunity. This suggests that the selection process should be rigorous and the training systems should be improved to increase the ability levels.

Moscow Dynamo Football Essay Example for Free

Moscow Dynamo Football Essay Many people would argue that sport helps bring people together and helps overcome divisions of race, nationality, class and religion. The Soviets drew upon this ideal in 1984 when they called the Moscow games, the friendship games. As well as bringing people together, sport can just as easily raise political consciousness and force people apart. The collective passion for Barcelona F.C is interlocked with politics, as is the connection between sport and nationalism in Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Supporting this view, George Orwell comments on the visit of the Moscow Dynamo Football team to Britain in 1945, sport is an unfailing cause of ill-will andif such a visit has had any affect on Anglo-Soviet relations, it could only be to make them slightly worse than before. (Atyeo, 1979, P.372) Governments have been known to use major sporting events to try and divert the attention of the masses away from certain political and social problems that country might be encountering as well as trying to improve their national image. For example, in the nine months leading up to the Moscow Olympics, drunks, hooligans and dissidents were rounded up and headed out of Moscow to try to prevent any sort of dissent, which could mar their public relations. Certain groups use the prominence of sport, which has been increased in recent years thanks to sport becoming a global television spectacle, to make a political point. In most cases, the choice of sport to make the political point is arbitrary, as it is the prominence of the sport in the public eye which is the critical factor. The 1972 Munich Olympics saw the killing of 10 Israeli athletes by eight armed Palestinian gunman, and the 1968 Mexico Olympics saw a protest by the student movement about the cost of hosting the games, which was a huge financial burden on the poor country, result in the army opening fire on the demonstration, killing 260 and injuring 1,000. Although politics does not only cite sport when dissidents intervene. There are a number of groups and individuals that have used sport and its prominent position in the public eye to raise political consciousness about what may be happening in that country. For example, the 2003 cricket world cup saw the wearing of a black armband by two of Zimbabwes players in protest against the Mugabe regime. The two players, Henry Olonga, the first black man to play for his country, and Andy Flower, in most cricket fans opinion, Zimbabwes greatest ever player, were almost universally praised for their dignified statement about the human rights abuses in their homeland. Ian Chappell, former captain of Australias cricket team and one of the many who applaud Flower and Olonga for their brave stance commented that; you realise when you go through life that there are occasions when you have a louder voice. If theres something youre moved about, thats the time to speak out for those who do not have a louder voice. The World Cup also saw the boycott by England of their opening match in the competition against Zimbabwe, for which they first cited moral, political and security concerns, then changed it to concerns about player safety as the reason for boycotting the game. A decision they might have latter regretted as the points gained for winning that match would have taken them into the super-six stage of the competition and maybe further. Theyre many people who believe that England made the right decision in boycotting this match, but there are also people who did not. David Coltart, who believes that politics has no place in sport, puts forward some arguments for going ahead with the match. He comments, paradoxically, holding the matches in Zimbabwe opens up a tiny piece of democratic space for those fighting tyranny. He also notes if no further matches take place (in Zimbabwe), there will be no further reason for the regime to behave better. Kate Hoey, writing for Sky Sports online, who disagreed with Coltart, argues that the match shouldnt have been played because the message that will be sent out worldwide is that Zimbabwe is a normal functioning country, which is patently untrue. She feels sport and politics must unite against the Mugabe regime and thus the England team needed to pull out of the match to raise worldwide awareness about the human rights abuses dictator Mugabe is undergoing. This view coincides with Ian Chappells view about the need to speak out for those without a louder voice. It is not only the players who sometimes feel the need to tackle political issues, the broad fact is that sports bodies on occasion have to confront inter-state political issues. (Allison, 1983, P.33) This was no more evident when the International Olympic Committee (IOC) excluded South Africa from the Olympic movement, not because of governmental pressure, but because the social and economic system in South Africa does not allow sport to be practiced there in accordance with the IOCs own rules as laid down in the Olympic Charter. The Welsh Hockey associations decision to not send a team to Argentina in 1985 because of the ill feeling that could still have been left over after the Falklands War is another example of a sporting body taking into account political situations before making a decision. There are so many examples of sport being influenced by politics over the years and so much theoretical evidence linking the two to say sport can remain uninfluenced by politics and politicians. Whether or not sport should remain uninfluenced by politics is of much wider debate. Events in Zimbabwe have highlighted many peoples opinions that sport and everyone involved in it has a responsibility to make sure important political issues such as the Mugabe regime are not ignored and that something is done to try and resolve them. But whatever view you may have on whether it is right for sport to get involved with politics, it becomes apparent that sport and politics cannot be mutually isolated (Allison. 1983, P.29) however much the sports enthusiast would wish them to be. Bibliography Books  Allison,L. The Politics of Sport, (Manchester University Press, 1983)  Whannel, G. Blowing the Whistle: The Politics of Sport, (Pluto, 1986)  Houlihan, B. The Government and Politics of Sport, ( Routledge, 1991)  Lapchick, R, E. The Politics and Race of International Sport, (Greenwood Press, 1975)  Voy, R. Drugs, Sport and Politics, (Leisure Press, 1991)  Atyeo, D. Blood, Guts and Violence, (Paddington Press, 1979)

The Impact Of The Enlightenment On The Colonies :: American History

The intellectual current known as the Enlightenment deeply affected the learned clergymen who headed colonial colleges and their students. Around 1650, some European thinkers began to analyze nature in order to determine the laws governing the universe. They employed experimentation and abstract reasoning to discover general principles behind phenomena such as the motions of planets and stars, the behavior of falling objects, and the characteristics of light and sound. Above, all Enlightenment philosophers emphasized acquiring knowledge through reason, taking particular delight challenging previously unquestioned assumptions. John Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding disputed the notion that human beings are born already imprinted with innate ideas. All knowledge, locke asserted, derives form ones observations of the external world. Belief in witchcraft and astrology, among other similar phenomena, thus came under attack. The Enlightenment had an enormous impact on educated, well to do people in Europe and America. It supplied them with a common vocabulary and a unified view of the world, one that insisted that the enlightened 18th century was better, and wiser, than all previous ages. It joined them in a common endeavor, the effort to make sense of God's orderly creation. Thus American naturalists like John and William Bartram supplied European scientists with information about New World plants and animals so that they could be included in newly formulated universal classification systems. Americans interested in astronomy took part in an international effort to learn about the solar system by studying a rare occurrence, the transit of Venus across the face of the sun in 1769. An example of the Americans participation in the Enlightenment was Benjamin Franklin, who retired from a successful printing business himself to scientific experimentation and public service. His experiments and observation on electricity established the terminology and basic theory of electricity still used today. The experimentation encouraged by the Enlightenment affected the lives of ordinary Americans most dramatically through advances in medicine specifically, the control of smallpox. The Reverend Cotton Mather, the prominent Puritan cleric, learned from his African born slave about the benefits of inoculation (deliberately infecting a person with a mild case of a disease) as a protects against smallpox. When Boston in 1720-1721 suffered a major small pox epidemic, Mather urged the adoption of inoculation despite fierce opposition from the cities leading physician. Mortality rates eventually supported Mather- of those inoculated, just 3 percent died; of other 15 percent.

Cause-Effect Essay* Causes of Divorce

You know that divorce is more common nowdays, but do you know the causes? According to the statistics offered by INEGI in a survey practiced in 2005, 70% of the couples who get married take the decision of getting divorce. There are many reasons why they make yhis decision, but there are three main causes which are lack of communication, financial issues, and abuse. Lack of communication is one of the main causes of divorce.A marriege is on the rocks when the lines of communication fail. You cannot have an ineffective realtionship if either one of you does not discuss about his/her feelings, cannot talk about his/her mutual or personal issues, and expects his/her partner to guess what the whole problem is about. Another cause of divorce are financial issues. Money or aspects related to ot are of course a possible cause of disagreement between couples.Married couples could squabble over such issues as shared financial responsibility, unequal financial status, undisclosed financial sta te, over spending, and lack of financial support. The last cause of divorce are the ways of abuse. This does not just include intentional and habitual phusycal abuse. It may also come in the form of sexual abuse and emmotional abuse. One partner may actively seeks to degrade his/her partner through harsh language.Drug and alcohol make the person so violent; in addition, there may be no physical or verbal abuse, but the other partner would understandibly have a difficult time managing finances and daily life with an addicted spouse. Now we know that lack of communication, financial problems, and violence are the main causes why people get divorce. May be you should considet living in free union for a short time before you get married, by doing this, you can meet your partner well. It is not the best option, but if you are really in love, you can get married without any problem.

Richard III

Analysis of Richard III PassageMethoughts that I had broken from the Tower And was embarked to traverse to Burgundy, And in my company my brother Gloucester, Who from my cabin tempted me to walk Upon the hatches. Thence we looked toward England And cited up a 1000 fearful times, During the wars of York and Lancaster That had befall'n us. As we paced along Upon the dizzy terms of the hatches, Methought that Gloucester stumbled, and in falling Struck me, that thought to remain him, overboard Into the toppling surges of the chief. O Lord, methought what hurting it was to submerge, What awful noise of Waterss in my ears, What sights of ugly decease within my eyes. Methoughts I saw a 1000 fearful wracks, A thousand work forces that fishes gnawed upon, Wedges of gold, great ground tackles, tonss of pearl, Incomputable rocks, unappreciated gems, All scattered in the underside of the sea. Some ballad in dead work forces ‘s skulls, and in the holes Where eyes did one time inhabit, there were crept— As 'twere in contempt of eyes—reflecting treasures, That wooed the slimed underside of the deep And mocked the dead castanetss that lay scattered by. ( I: IV:9-33 ) Clarence ‘s prophetic dream sequence in Act I scene Four Begins and ends with premonition, as we see the slaying of Clarence and besides visualize the eerie and supernatural glance of an underworld beneath the ocean as we see Clarence distressingly drown. The transition begins with Richard and Clarence puting canvas to Burgundy, reminiscing on the horrors of the conflicts they had won and lost together throughout the war of the roses. As their ship begins to destabilize, Clarence is cast overboard after seeking to forestall Richard from falling. The text leads us to believe this is inadvertent despite logic stating us to instantly presume this was planned by Richard. As Clarence distressingly drowns, he begins to depict the dark, supernatural underbelly of the ocean. Multitudes of lost wealth and hoarded wealth are seen alongside decomposing cadavers and the liquors of 1000s of work forces, work forces whose deceases, it has been suggested, Clarence was partially responsible fo r as a consequence of the recent overthrow of the monarchy. Clarence ‘s dream sequence is laced with both dramatic linguistic communication and baleful boding throughout. An array of poetic devices and literary techniques are employed to successfully reenforce major issues and subjects of the drama as a whole within this transition. Numerous subjects are reinforced and introduced in this transition such as the apposition of earthly wealth and human mortality, the upseting trust that Clarence has for Richard, horror and calamity, and besides the motive of the dark and the supernatural. Furthermore if we read the transition from a modern position we can integrate a Freudian reading when analyzing what seems to be Clarence ‘s subconscious head. Whilst watching Richard III, the character of Richard is hard to side with nevertheless at the same clip there is a certain appeal and inventiveness about him that is difficult to dislike. There are cases throughout the drama which help to demo Richard as a antic linguist and a sympathetic Machiavellian hero. However, at the same clip the dramatic sarcasm used in the signifier of Clarence ‘s weakness and naivete is perchance the most powerful illustration throughout the full drama which shows the cold and evil inner nucleus of Richard ‘s character. When Clarence dreams of Richard killing him, the text seems to propose that Richard did this by accident as Clarence says that Richard â€Å"in falling, Struck me, that thought to remain him, overboard.† [ [ 1 ] ] The manner Clarence has made a point of stating how Richard merely pushed him â€Å"in falling† is interesting as it makes us oppugn the dependability of Clarence ‘s history. This dramatic sarcasm plants because from an audience ‘s position we are already cognizant of the dark nature and pitilessness of Richard, moreover we know that Richard is in the procedure of engineering the slaying of his brother Clarence. These factors make us oppugn the â€Å"accidental nature† of Clarence ‘s narrative despite it being a dream. Could this dream in fact be a message straight from Clarence ‘s subconscious trying to warn him of his impending decease? We could in fact read this transition as Shakespeare trying to show a sixteenth century equivalent to Freud ‘s construct of the subconscious head. The audience is now to the full anticipating the impending decease of Clarence, and the incapacitated audience is forced to sympathize with him and get down to contemn Richard. The experience of this scene could be summed up by a quotation mark from critic Charles Barber, who believes â€Å"Clarence ‘s incredulity in his ain dream creates the feeling that Rich ard ‘s immorality is excessively monstrous for those around him to accept or conceive of, and therefore it amplifies our horror of Richard.† [ [ 2 ] ] The antecedently mentioned construct of Shakespeare meaning to demo the workings of Clarence ‘s subconscious is besides fascinating as it demonstrates a sample of a theory that was non to go popularly recognised for 100s of old ages. This element adds deepness and verisimilitude to the drama and besides adds to our hatred for Richard. Freud describes the unconscious head as â€Å"a reservoir of feelings, ideas, impulses, and memories that are outside of our witting awareness.† [ [ 3 ] ] It would look that these feelings are more perceptive in some ways than Clarence ‘s witting 1s. Somehow Clarence ‘s unconscious has picked up more about Richard ‘s character than his witting head. This poses an interesting inquiry, even to a modern audience, about the antic complexness of our heads. An audience who embraces this reading is likely to happen this idea provoking and be intellectually stimulated by this construct. If we take this transition to intend that th at Clarence ‘s unconscious head is seeking to state him something, so we besides read that his witting head is disregarding it for non merely does he presume his dreamed decease was an accident, but he subsequently goes on to province how his brother â€Å"loves me dear† and says to the liquidators ( hired by Richard ) that â€Å"if you be hired for meed, travel back once more, And I will direct you to my brother Gloucester, Who shall honor you better for my life.† [ [ 4 ] ] Clarence ‘s refusal to move upon this portents and moreover disregard his ain ego is important in demoing the power and use Richard is capable of. When the audience listens to Clarence ‘s history of his dream, the transition should render as extremely important as it foreshadows many of the events yet to come in the drama. When Clarence begins to submerge this is in fact an eerie prefiguration of his eventual decease, and more specifically submerging minutes subsequently in the scene. One critic has besides read this dream as besides boding the nightmare Richard himself experiences prior to the conflict of Bosworth in Act V scene V. [ [ 4b ] ] There is much boding throughout the drama, such as when Queen Margaret, a enchantress like character, is introduced. Queen Margaret begins to state curst prognostications as a acrimonious effort to revenge all of those who have antecedently wronged her. It is besides interesting to observe that through this transition, Shakespeare has included a subject that was popular amongst Renaissance literature, whereby earthly wealth is shown in apposition with human mortality. [ [ 4c ] ] This was a common concern among authors of the clip as earthly wealth ‘s value was questioned in many ways because of the realization that we can non purchase â€Å"life† and wealth will intend nil in the hereafter. While absorbing the address, we notice that there are infinite images in this transition that barrage us with this subject. The lost hoarded wealths are described to a great extent and often such as the â€Å"wedges of gold, great ground tackles, tonss of pearl, incomputable rocks, and unappreciated jewels.† However it becomes clearer why Shakespeare has made a point of making this when we consider this subject of human mortality versus earthly wealth. When we so go on to see â€Å"Some [ gems ] ballad in dead work forces â⠂¬Ëœs skulls, and in the holes Where eyes did one time inhabit† decease and wealth are non merely in apposition, they are basically merged as one. The manner the gems have been incorporated into the oculus sockets of the skull makes the apposition even more dramatic as they about seem as one entity because of the manner we associate the gems as eyes slotting into the sockets of a skull. This transition is besides important in the manner it introduces the motive of the Gothic into the drama. Clarence ‘s dream sequence accompanied with the eerie cursing of Queen Margaret subsequently in the drama, are both scenes which contribute to the Gothic elements of this drama through mentions to the supernatural and the unknown, and minutes of horror. Horror as a literary term can be described as â€Å"The feeling of repugnance that normally occurs after something terrorization is seen, heard, or otherwise experienced.† [ [ 5 ] ] We see horror in the transition when Clarence describes in item the scenes of the underworld and the nature of his painful drowning. Clarence explains â€Å"what pain it was to submerge, What awful noise of Waterss in my ears, What sights of ugly decease within my eyes.† This dramatic address forces the audience to get down to see the submerging themselves as Clarence uses powerful imagery such as the H2O in his ears and the hurting that he experienced. Furthermore the grotesque and macabre images of â€Å"a thousand work forces that fishes gnawed upon† besides help to dismay the audience. Supernatural elements that besides contribute to the Gothic feel of the drama are seen in another subsequent prognostication manner dream of Clarence ‘s where he sees the shade of Prince Edward, a Lancastrian whom Clarence had helped to kill. Edward begins to cuss Clarence as liquors begin to drag him below to the underworld. After analyzing Clarence ‘s dream in Act I scene IV, it can be concluded that Shakespeare has employed a scope of literary techniques and thoughts that help to reenforce and present of import subjects that permeate the full drama. Techniques such as dramatic sarcasm encourages us to appreciate the immorality of Richard, and the inclusion of a subconscious aid add deepness and machination to the drama. Furthermore the transition is a utile penetration into the drama as a whole through the debut of other of import subjects and issues of the twenty-four hours such as horror, the supernatural, and the apposition of earthly wealth and human mortality.BibliographyBarber Charles, Notes on Richard III, ( London, Longman, 1999 ) Devendra, Varma The Gothic Flame, ( New York: Russell and Russell, 1966 ) Radcliffe, Ann On the Supernatural in Poetry, Exert taken from New Monthly Magazine vol.16 No.1 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.litgothic.com/Texts/radcliffe_sup.pdf [ 22.4.09 ] Shakespeare, William, Richard III, ( London, The Arden Shakespeare, 2006 ) Strachey, James ( Trans. ) , ed. Anna Freud, The Necessities of Psychoanalysis, ( London: Vintage Books, 2005. ) [ [ 1 ] ] William Shakespeare, Richard III, ( London, The Arden Shakespeare, 2006 ) I.IV.19-20 [ [ 2 ] ] Charles Barber, Notes on Richard III, ( London, Longman,1999 ) p.75 [ [ 3 ] ] James Strachey ( Trans. ) , ed. Anna Freud, The Necessities of Psychoanalysis, ‘the unconscious ‘ ( London: Vintage Books, 2005. ) p.46 [ [ 4 ] ] William Shakespeare, Richard III, ( London, The Arden Shakespeare, 2006 ) I.IV 217-218 p.183 [ [ 4b ] ] Barber Charles, Notes on Richard III, ( London, Longman, 1999 ) p.96 [ [ 4c ] ] Ibid. [ [ 5 ] ] Varma Devendra, The Gothic Flame, ( New York: Russell and Russell, 1966 ) p.17

SOS Systems Engineering, Integration, and Architecting

SOS Systems Engineering, Integration, and Architecting Many people would concur that the world is currently an intricate place to live. Much of this assertion is attributed to two events that have begun to dictate our lives in recent years.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on SOS Systems Engineering, Integration, and Architecting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, human beings are deeply immersed in unparalleled levels of assimilation and are engrossed in an intricate web of interacting processes and technologies brought about by improvements in information and communication technologies. Second, rapid change is now a common phenomenon with novel practices, organizations and technologies being launched incessantly into this extremely assimilated web (Calvano and John 29). According to Chen and Clothier, the Systems of joint evolution include assimilation of the warship and the current SOS, and improvement of interoperability between the air defense missile and the surve illance plan. Emergent Evolution: A new system is to be developed in relation to or based upon the current systems with new capabilities. Example includes designing an assimilated air picture in relation to the current defense capability systems (Chen and Clothier 4). SOS Challenges The adoption of system engineering for SOS evolution and development brings about various challenges attributed principally to the changes within the SE context: Engineering object change: The object being engineered during the SOS lifecycle differs with respect to evolution circumstances. The object is frequently restricted to a precise part of an SOS. Engineering focus change: With respect to a particular evolution situation, the engineering focus can be replicated in various evolution needs (i.e. from integration, evolutionary development, redevelopment and redesign). Engineering environmental change: In addition to SOS evolution, various evolution circumstances require dissimilar engineering contex ts according to supporting instruments, information and knowledge resources, and terms of stakeholders (Chen and Clothier 5). Architecture in Practice Architecture stands out as one of the principal constituents of contemporary SE (Kopetz 112). The main goal of Architecture practice is to help an organization develop architecture capability by harmonizing architectural related processes. In the absence of a harmonized architecture practice, system architecting becomes complicated and exasperating within the SOS evolution backdrop as it cannot be executed effectively without dealing with other architecture problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on SOS Systems Engineering, Integration, and Architecting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, a methodical examination of architecture practice provides a wonderful prospect for SE community to collaborate with other related fields such as architecture issues of SOS and so ftware engineering and information systems (Chen and Clothier 11). The current immaturity with respect to architecture practice has brought about uncertainty regarding the appropriate use of architecture methodologies and structures. Nonetheless, SE can be augmented in a number of ways by redefining the functions of architecture within the context of SE for SOS development and integrating architecture production with SE activities. As a subset of system engineering field, architecture practice can be planned, streamlined and integrated successfully with SE processes in the entire system life-cycle needed for SOS. Thus, the maturation process of architecture will generate a variety of architecture-related processes and products deemed as components of an engineering field. For example, project-based system engineering has an element of architecting which is a component of architecture practice of an organization. Therefore, SE teams require architecture assistance from all pertinent spheres of architecture practice in order to successfully execute this activity for different evolutions within the context of SOS. In nutshell, SE teams must employ architecture capabilities created via the architecture practice in the entire organization (Chen and Clothier 12). Recent works in SOS and the lead systems integrator concept The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) Joint System Analysis (JSA) technical Panel 4 (TP-4) aspires to shape national acquisition processes and strategies in order to realize efficient joint coalition capability. For example, current TP-4 initiatives consist of case studies on applications of system engineering in latest defense capability development among coalition member states with an emphasis on SOS. As of now, the TTCP TP-4 is engaged in designing a Coalition Systems Engineering Process (CSEP) with the intention of setting up synchronized and integrated SE processes across defense organization. This will result in enhanced defense capabilit ies of the coalition in future, especially in the sphere of interoperability and architecture practice (Chen and Clothier 13). Force Levels Systems Engineering (FLSE) is another program of Defense Science Technology Organization (DSTO) designed for use by Australian Defense Organization (ADO). The main aim of FLSE is to assist the ADO set up system engineering structure that can be used to augment and implement the Defense Capability Systems Life Cycle Management (DCSLCM). It is expected that this structure will ultimately envelop all areas related to DCSLCM (such as In Service, Acquisition, Capability Development and Strategic Planning).Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As opposed to other SE teams engaged in development projects or acquisition, the main objective of FLSE initiative is to design techniques and solutions for system engineering (SE) application to DCSLCM (Chen and Clothier 13). Some of the processes relevant to FLSE program include: Defining a conceptual SE structure that encloses DCSLCM Illuminating and streamlining working surroundings of the processes with respects to their techniques, tools, references and inputs/outputs employed. Defining a mutually shared Defense Capability Architecture Information Model (DCAIM) as a foundation for Systems-of-Systems SE data administration that openly facilitates business processes management within the DCSLCM framework Developing an SOS system engineering supporting environment that is assimilated with SE and architecture tools to offer a DCAIM-based SE knowledge warehouse (Chen and Clothier 13). In essence, FLSE program is projected to assist the ADO employ System Thinking and system engine ering at an organizational level and within the entire context of DCSLCM. Thus, ADO is expected to use FLSE to offer a superior engineering atmosphere for enhanced application of SE at conventional project level (Chen and Clothier 13). Calvano, Charles and Philip John. â€Å"Systems Engineering in an Age of Complexity.† IEEE Engineering Management Review, 32.4(2004): 29-38. Print. Carlock, Paul and Fenton Robert. â€Å"System-of-Systems (SoS) enterprise systems engineering for information-intensive organizations.† Sys Eng 4.4(2001): 242 261. Print. Chen, Pin and Jennie Clothier. â€Å"Advancing Systems Engineering for Systems-of Systems Challenges. System Engineering 6.3(2003): 1-14. Print. Flood, Scott and Paul Richard. â€Å"An Assessment of the Lead Systems Integrator Concept as applied to the Future Combat System Program.† Defense Acquisition Review Journal (2006): 355-373. Print. Grossman, Claudia and A. Goolsby. Engineering A Learning Healthcare System: A Look at the Future, Washington, D.C: The National Academies Press. 2011. Print. Kopetz, Hermann. â€Å"The Time-Triggered Architecture.† Proceedings of the IEEE 91.1(2003): 112-126. Print. Lane, Ann. Systems of Systems Lead Systems Integrators: Where do they spend their time and what make them more/less efficient? Southern Carolina: University of Southern Carolina: 2005. Print.

A research paper on cocaine Essay Example for Free

A research paper on cocaine Essay Research Paper (230) , Drug (166) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Grown in the countries of South America, with Columbia being the most productive, the Erythroxylon Coca bush is the natural origin of cocaine, a central nervous stimulant. Its history is as rich and diverse as the people using and dealing the drug. Cocaine use dates as far back as the 16th century when it was used among Inca royalty. In the early 1800’s cocaine was introduced to Europe. Sigmond Freud wrote a song in its honor and famous author Robert Louis Stevenson wrote â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† during a six -day cocaine binge. In the early 1900’s cocaine was available to consumers over the counter. Its medicinal value was a relief for toothaches and congestion. Parke Davis advised their consumers of the effects of cocaine by stating that it â€Å"could make the coward brave, the silent eloquent, and render the sufferer insensitive to pain†. The use of cocaine found its way into other products like wine and the most famous of all, Coca Cola. Early production of Coca Cola contained 60mg of cocaine. Today, the popular soft drink still uses the leaves of the Coco Bush for flavor but the illicit drug has been removed (www.cocaine.org). The resurrection of cocaine use as a recreational drug began in the 1960’s, and was used mostly among the affluent because of its price. Movie stars, sport stars and the like give cocaine its mystique and draw; psychological and physical effects make it addictive. Changes in form and price make cocaine far more accessible and affordable. Today, there is no clear connection between the use of cocaine and education, occupation or socioeconomic status. Cocaine is generally sold as a hydrochloride salt, a fine white powder substance that is commonly referred to as â€Å"snow†, â€Å"coke† or â€Å"blow†. Street dealers of cocaine commonly dilute, or â€Å"cut† the drug with similar looking substances like talcum powder or with active local anesthetics and even sometimes with other stimulants like amphetamines. The purity of street cocaine, powder form, is about 75 percent. When the impurities of this form are removed, it is known as â€Å"freebase† or â€Å"crack† cocaine. â€Å"Crack† cocaine  is easier to find and less expensive to buy. Cocaine in any form can be found in almost every town and city. Research studies done in 1999 showed cocaine is used by over 3.7 million Americans 12 years old and over, with the highest rate among people 18 and 25 years of age. The use among people 35 years and older also continues to rise (www.cocaine.org). The effects of cocaine depend on the route of administration, the amount of consumption, the user’s past experience, and the circumstances under which its taken. The major routes of administration are snorting, injecting, and smoking. Snorting is inhaling the powder form through the nasal cavity. The drug enters the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. Injecting cocaine is using a syringe to release the drug directly into the bloodstream. Smoking cocaine is inhaling the cocaine vapors or smoke delivering large quantities to the lungs where it then enters the bloodstream as quickly as injecting. Cocaine interferes with the re-absorption process of dopamine that is a chemical messenger of pleasure to the brain. The effects are instant and intense but not long lasting (www.drugs.indiana.edu). The short -term effects usually make the user fell euphoric, energetic, and alert to their senses. It can decrease your anxiety and heighten your sexuality. Crack users have described the rush as a â€Å"whole body orgasm.† Or, a user can feel anxious or panic-stricken. The drug is a parody of heaven and hell. Often times the cocaine user craves other drugs. These symptoms appear quickly and disappear within a few minutes or a few hours. Physically, a person’s blood pressure, body temperature, heartbeat, and breathing accelerate, along with pupil dialation. In larger amounts the side effects intensify. The â€Å"high† might include feelings of paranoia, vertigo, and muscle twitches and physically a user might experience chest pains, nausea, blurred vision. Over time with continued use, the effects of cocaine gradually change. Irritability, restlessness, insomnia and paranoia replace the euphoria. Physically, the long- term user will lose interest in sex and lose weight. Those who snort the drug wear out their nasal septum while those who inject it risk the chance of contracting hepatitis or AIDS. Cocaine related deaths  are often a result of cardiac arrest or seizures followed by respiratory arrest. Over time, to the user’s tolerance, the drug will build. To achieve the same effects as that of early usage requires larger doses of the drug. The user becomes psychologically dependent. The drug becomes pivotal to their thoughts, feelings and their daily activities. â€Å"Cocaine just made you feel really good. Then after you get done feeling really good then you start to get a Superman ego and that’s the beginning of the end.† (â€Å"Drug Wars†; A Frontline, PBS Production) Often times, cocaine addicts develop an illicit lifestyle to keep up with their drug habit. Cocaine’s influence leads a user to stealing from family, friends and even employers. The lifestyle of addicts becomes as corrupt as the organizations that produce and supply the product. Cocaine’s addiction has two sides: the love of the high and the love of the money. The US Government has estimated that cocaine trafficking takes nearly $80 billion a year out of our economy. In 1990, the DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) estimated about 20 Colombian organizations controlled most of America’s cocaine supply. Annual revenues of the Colombian drug trade have been estimated to be 5 billion dollars. The drug cartels existing today control every phase of the drug trafficking business. They manufacture, transport, distribute, and finance cocaine. Like many large corporations, the business involves bankers, accountants, and lawyers, wholesalers and retailers. More special to this business the cartel â€Å"payroll† also includes chemists, pilots and enforcers of security (www.drugs.indiana.edu). The cartels are structured in layers, at the center is the cartel manager or â€Å"kingpin†. Information shared among the members of the cartel is highly secularized. Only a choice few are privy to all the workings of the cartel. Those employees holding positions in the outer layers of the organization (the lawyers, accountants, bankers, and enforcers) reap the financial benefits of serving their bosses but are strictly put on a need to know basis. Cartels operating in the United States are referred to as â€Å"cells† which are â€Å"self contained organized units.† The Medillin Cartel was the first known, successful cartel of cocaine  traffickers coming from Colombia. It was established in 1978 and lead by Carlos Lehder. It used violence and intimidation to stay one step ahead of the justice system. The cartel bribed police officers with money or threatened them with death if they did not honor the cartel and look the other way when they did business. The Medellin Cartel was taken down in March of 1984. Carlos Lehder was arrested in 1987, tried in the United States and sentenced to 135 years without the possibility of parole. George Jung’s, the Medillin Cartel’s American contact, testimony against Lehder assured his conviction. In the 1990’s, on the heels of the Medillin, came the Cali Cartel. They are responsible for 70-80 percent of the cocaine coming into the United States and 90 percent of that entering Europe. Instead of violence and intimidation like their counter parts, the Cali operated their business using a subtle approach. Law enforcement has had difficulty in closing the Cali operations for many reasons. Their structure is different from that of the Medillin, as is their methods of smuggling. They are much more conservative. They only sell to people they know. The â€Å"home office,† which is the CEO and vice presidents, coordinate the cells. The cells contact the buyers usually by cellular phone or pager and arrange the time and place to distribute the drugs. Payment is made at the second meeting. When the deal is done, the home office is contacted and accurate records are kept by both (www.awesomestories.com). While the Colombians may monopolize the cocaine market, there are similar organizations in other countries. The Triads and Tongs of China, La Compania of Cuba, and the Yakuza of Japan are some other major drug trafficking organizations. They have successfully invested into legitimate American business. The one thing they all have in common: United States of America as a client base (www.cocainefacts.com). Cocaine touches many people on a variety of levels. It can completely change a person’s personality, for the worse. It spins a web of deceit and destruction. Physically and mentally the drug tricks you from recognizing reality. Euphoria tricks you into believing that the high is good, all the while the time bomb is ticking. Blowing up your mind is just a matter of time. Bailey, William J. Factline on Cocaine. 1995: Heller, Matthew. â€Å"Addicted to Love.† Los Angeles Magazine. Sept. 1999. A research paper on cocaine. (2016, Jun 25).

Arts in philadelphia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arts in philadelphia - Research Paper Example Description of the sculpture The Clothespin is a giant steel sculpture standing at the Centre Square in 1500 Market Street, in front of the City Hall in Philadelphia. It stands at a vertical height of forty-five feet, and as research has it, weighs about ten tons. The clothespin represents a normal household clothespin used to hold clothes on lines when drying or for storage only that is larger than life and made of steel, and not plastic. The steel seems to be weathering, probably due to the exposure, as it is an environmental art. However, there is a little variation from the actual clothespin in that the handles or pressure points where on pushes together in this giant piece curves outwards more than normal, maybe to provide more balance for the installation. At the joinery part where the two identical pieces normally have a piece of wire going around each peg to form a pivot, the sculptor imitates that and uses a similar twist of steel to create it. Surprisingly, standing from on e side of the sculpture, the twisted joining steel forms a number â€Å"7†, and if one views it from the opposite side, the steel joinery loops to form a number â€Å"6†. ... Oldenburg, born to a Swedish diplomat in 1929 in Stockholm, later went to live in the United States, particularly in New York, and later moving to Chicago. His post-university saw him meet some artists like Jim Dine, Allan Kaprow, and Red Grooms amongst others with similarities of basing their art on alternative to the famous abstract expressionist wave of painting. Their movement came up with an art whereby they included environments to their performances in a bid to eliminate the differences between the visual arts and theater. These kinds of performances are common as the â€Å"Happenings†. Oldenburg is famous for transforming normal objects and changes them in some ways, such as the way he changed the household clothespin to a giant sculpture, therefore making people to view them in interesting and unexpected forms. The socio-political concept of the Clothespin is more understandable by considering the fact that Jack Wolgin commissioned it in 1974 for the marking of the Ph iladelphian bicentennial through a program by the Redevelopment Authority called Fine Arts Program. The Centennial is an American celebration of culture and industrial progress of one-hundred years, which is a major world fair with much global attraction (Stephanie). As earlier stated, the fastening steel pieces form two numerals (7 and 6 in that order), which is the representation of the centennial exhibition year that is 1876. Oldenburg used this unique artistic representation to include the year in the sculpture without making it too obvious- a preference of most artists. In addition to this function, there are more assumptions leaning more on the social aspect concerning the sculpture. For instance, a distant side-view of the Clothespin gives an illusion of a very tall figure with legs