Tuesday, December 24, 2019
The Effects Of Torture On Human Rights Violations
Although the use of torture has been around since the first century, most Americans did not debate on the controversial topic until after the Abu Ghraib incident surfaced in April 2004. The Baghdad Central Prison, formerly known as Abu Ghraib prison was a complex west of Baghdad. During the war in Iraq, US armed forces committed a number of human rights violations, including â€Å"pouring phosphorus liquid on detainees, pouring cold water on naked detainees, beating detainees†(Hersh) and committing other psychological, physical, and sexual abuses. At the Abu Ghraib prison, military officials abused detainees for several reasons or without providing a reason. Enhanced interrogation techniques are sometimes seen as necessary to extract information, punish detainees, and instill fear; however, occasionally torture is used without providing a reason. Proponents of torture insist its legitimacy in special circumstances, especially when handling international terrorists. Opponents of torture believe these human rights violations are medieval and inhumane. Torture is illegal in the United States and no United States agency can legally engage in torture abroad. No country should engage in enhanced interrogation techniques because the methods are a violation of ethical principles, a violation of international law, a form of cruel and unusual punishment, ineffective in combating terrorism, and immoral, dehumanizing acts related to a lack of moral integrity. First of all, the definitionShow MoreRelatedThe Convention Against Torture Essay1122 Words  | 5 Pages Around the world and around the clock, human rights violations seem to never cease. In particular, torture violations are still rampant all over the world. One regime, the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, establishes a strong elaboration of norms against torture. Despite its efforts, many countries still outright reject its policies against torture while other countries openly accept them, but surreptitiously still violate them. The US, IsraelRead MoreRussia And The Ukrainian Government1671 Words  | 7 PagesIn war-torn eastern Ukraine, both the Ukrainian government and the separatists acting on behalf of Russia violate the human rights established in the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.Ukraine has been a nation in crisis since 2013, when then-president Viktor Yanukovych refused to sign an association agreement with the European Union that had been in the works for ye ars, instead choosing to strengthen ties with Russia. This led to a politicalRead MoreHuman Right Violations. Around The World The Thirty Different1243 Words  | 5 PagesHuman Right Violations Around the world the thirty different rights that are provided to every human being are being violated. The countries that are very notable to their human rights violations are Germany, Israel, Gambia, Kenya, Russia, Syria, and more. A solution that has been put to stop human rights violations are sanctions against countries, however these sanctions cost money and some countries do not have money therefore not all sanctions can be made. How can we the United States bring aboutRead MoreTorture Is It Ever Permissible?1191 Words  | 5 PagesPERMISSIBLE TO TORTURE SOMEONE                                 1                Is it ever permissible to torture a person  Patricia Brawn    PHI 103: Informal Logic    Elisabeth Nicholes     January 30, 2017                                      Running Head: IS IT EVER PERMISSIBLE TO TORTURE SOMEONE                                  2  Torture is considered to be a cruel and degrading act of causing severe pain either mentally or physically to another human being by usingRead MoreThe Double Complications Of Explorary Protocols922 Words  | 4 Pagesset of explanatory variables, namely individually and included in the CINC measure. This multicollinearity can lead to biased estimators of the dependent variable. A similar analysis is dealing with the question whether the content of various human rights conventions and the costs associated with their ratification will influence states decision to join the treaty in the first place (Cole, 2005, p. 472) .On the one hand, associated costs are the costs occurring with harmonizing policies and practicesRead MoreA Perspective On Human Rights892 Words  | 4 Pagesthe broader moral nature of human rights, and restrictive, in its recognition, utilisation and understanding of human right, allows a further debasement of the perspective, in that it utterly misinterprets human rights violations by both individualising, and decontextualizing them This point picks up a recurrent theme of this paper, that a legalist perspective on human rights has a reactionary approach with a focus on identifying the wrongdoer of a human rights violation , rather than to set peremptoryRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Rights1582 Words  | 7 PagesWhile the concept of human rights was not first developed during the Enlightenment period it made great advances during this time due to the change in thinking that took place. According to Kocchar online, â€Å"The thinkers of the Enlightenment believed that human reason could discover the natural laws of the universe, determine the natural rights of humankind, and thereby achieve continuous progress in human knowledge, technology, and society.†(Lesson I) This description of the change in thought isRead MoreDemocracy And Government Repression Essay. Democracy Is1620 Words  | 7 Pagesis a difficult concept to define, with almost every nation state in the world self-defining themselves as such, when in fact not all are. The complexity of the definition of democracy poses challenges when one is trying to analyse the causes and effects that democracy can have. Democracy occurs by degree, not in absolutes, further complicating analysis. The traditional definition of democracy prior to the revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries, was one of direct democracy, where every citizenRead MoreEssay on What is the Purpose of Prison and what Tries to Achieve1308 Words  | 6 PagesHowever, studies about prisoners mainly focus on the effects prison has on them and how it affects society. There is luck of research actually looking at the prisoner experiences inside the prison and what issues they face. The Human Rights, including sexual abuse, are very common in US, and the number of victims inside the prison is dramatic. Moreover, by looking at the UK prison statistics and taking into consideration the number of reported violations in UK, it gives us better perception of ho w underestimatedRead MoreThe Moral And Ethical Treatment Of Being Respected And Treated Humanely1702 Words  | 7 PagesFrom my perspective, dignity is the nourishment and affirmation of one’s self-worth; in other words, fuel that every human possesses and should have preserved to remain fully human. However, prominent 19th century social reformers like Jeremy Bentham were critical of the notion that prisoners ought to possess declared rights. Bentham thought it was naà ¯ve to reason that declared rights could exist outside the law, and his criticism derives from a theoretical commitment to a system where law, punishment
Monday, December 16, 2019
American Freedom Free Essays
The establishment of American society traces its roots back to the fifteenth century when Columbus discovered the existence of unknown land on this way to India. Since that time many people from all over the world have been taking refuge in the USA escaping from political or religious persecution. It has lead to outstanding ethnic diversity where human skin color varies from black, brown, and black to red and yellow. We will write a custom essay sample on American Freedom or any similar topic only for you Order Now Depending on their background former â€Å"newcomers†who have become ancestors of new American generations are called â€Å"African Americans†, â€Å"Asian Americans†, â€Å"Russian Americans†, etc. Obviously, highly mentioned representatives of worlds cultures have their own political and religious preferences that have resulted in an increasing number of different confessions (Buddhists, Catholics, Muslims, etc. ) and parties (Democrats, Communists, Republicans, Socialists, etc. ). However, American nation is characterized by the following distinct features common to overwhelming majority of people: †¢ Privacy and Individualism are the most important aspects of social independence all Americans value the most. Since their childhood Americans have been taught to consider themselves as independent part of a nation, social group, family, etc. They are used to make their own decisions but at the same time may seldom admit that there exist a number of external factors that greatly influence their decision making skills: stereotypes, mass media, social institutions, etc. They reject the idea of being similar to anybody else as they always strive to be different and unique. Newly arrived immigrants or those who accept Americans as guests from abroad may get a better picture of American culture and deeper insight into their beliefs and values only recognizing their true belief in freedom and self-reliance. The majority of Americans believe that in order to survive in modern world of commercialization and skim the cream off one should be free, independent, and self-reliant in terms of thoughts and decisions. This notion is also closely associated with how Americans treat their parents. More often than not, they show less intimate relationships with family members than other representatives of any other culture. They believe that biological/historical circumstances that brought together the parents and the child reach their purpose during child’s upbringing and adolescence after which the parent/child relationships decline and grow weaker. In some cases the connection may be totally lost especially taking into consideration the fact of vast territory of the country. Privacy is another part of American identity which is of great value when people want to psychologically â€Å"replenish†themselves or take their time to think about life situation, etc. †¢ How Americans perceive themselves? Typically, living in the USA its citizens never see themselves as representatives of their own country. Instead, they would rather compare themselves to people who are different from others regardless of the fact whether their â€Å"competitors†are of American or foreign origin. Many Americans make statements saying that their culture is not distinct enough to describe as they frequently visualize culture as a number of random traditions on the surface of society which can be distinct and common only in other cultures. Separate Americans sometimes believe that they established their priorities by themselves, rather than having had their thoughts and the considerations on which they are founded obtruded on them by their own culture. When asked to describe common features of American culture the majority of Americans fail to give a descent answer in some cases even rejecting the idea of â€Å"American culture†as a notion. Meanwhile, some Americans may gladly express their generalized their opinions about different groups and subcommunities within their own culture. Southerners have stereotypical views (generalized, simplified notions) about Northerners, and the other way round. There exists a wide range of traditionally set views about people from the country, from big cities, from inland, from the coasts, from the Southeast, religious and ethnic groups and those who live in Oregon, Texas, Big Apple, California, Arizona, Florida, Hawaii, etc. †¢ Materialism and Achievement. â€Å"She is a hard-working person,†one American may express his/her opinion towards another person, or â€Å"he does his job well. †These phrases denote the usual American’s respect for people who approaches a task thoroughly and persistently, brining it to a victorious finale. In addition, these phrases also denote respect for achievers, those people who do their best and put much effort to achieve their goals. Foreigners frequently have a feeling that American people work harder than people from abroad expect them to work. (More likely these visitors have been extremely subjective to American mass media production such as movies and TV programs which would typically show audience less working people but more of those who hang out and chill out driving cars and having dates). Regardless of the fact that some of the â€Å"Protestant†professional ethic may have lost some of its influence on Americans, there is still a strong faith that the perfect person must be a â€Å"hard worker. †A hard worker â€Å"gets everything right†in terms of his/her deadline, organizational skills, high standards of quality. Typically, Americans are keen on action. They really believe it is vital to devote much energy to their work or to other daily routine responsibilities. Moreover, they do believe they should be occupied most of the time. They are typically not satisfied, as representatives from many other cultures are, only to sit and have a talk with other people. They get bored and loose patience. They think they should be occupied with something, or at least make plans and arrangements for future. †¢ Directness and Assertiveness. Americans, as has been indicated above, normally take themselves as sincere, open-minded, and straight in their relationships with other people. Americans will often talk openly and straightly to others about things they do not like. They will make attempts to do so in a style they call â€Å"constructive,†which means a style which the other person will not accept as offensive or improper. If they do not talk sincerely about what is on their thoughts, they will frequently communicate their reaction in nonverbal way (no words, only facial expressions, body positions, and gestures). They are not aware, unlike people from many Asian countries are, that they are supposed to mask or sometimes hide their emotional reaction. Their phrases, the tone of their voice, or their facial expressions will more often than not show when their feelings of anger, unhappiness, confusion, or happiness. They think it is okay to show these feelings at least within limits. The majority of Asians feel embarrassed around Americans who are showing a strong emotional response to something. On the other hand, Latinos and Arabs are usually inclined to exhibit their emotions more candidly than Americans do, and to consider Americans as unemotional and cold. However, Americans are frequently less straight and open than they recognize it. There exist in fact many restrictions on their desire to discuss things honestly. Regardless of these limitations, Americans are usually more direct and sincere than people from many other cultures. They normally do not try to hide their emotions and are much less worried with â€Å"face†– avoiding awkwardness to themselves or others. To them, being â€Å"open†is typically more important than preserving harmony in interpersonal relationships. Americans use the words â€Å"assertive†or â€Å"hostile†to illustrate a person who is overly assertive in expressing thoughts or making requests. The line between acceptable assertiveness and unacceptable aggressiveness is difficult to draw. †¢ For American culture, time is a â€Å"resource,†like water or coal, which can be used properly or poorly. â€Å"Time is money. †â€Å"You only get so much time in life, so use it wisely. †The future will not be improved comparing to the past or the present, as Americans are used to take things, unless people use their time for constructive and promising activities. Therefore, Americans admire a â€Å"hard-working organized†people who write down things to be done and a schedule for doing them. The ideal person must be punctual (i. e. arrive at the scheduled time for event) and is considerate of other people’s time (that is, does not â€Å"waste people’s time†with conversation or other activity with no visible, beneficial outcome). References Brown, J. (2006). Americans. New York: Pocket Books. How to cite American Freedom, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Studies of Nursing Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Professional Studies Nursing. Answer: Nursing is reckoned as a noble profession within the healthcare domain whereby the concerned professionals are engaged in rendering holistic care and therapeutic interventions to the distressed patients, their families and communities in an effort to enhance the quality of living. Maintenance of optimal health and quicker recovery through attainment of proper health status is the primary motive of nursing intervention. Professional nursing practice is identified to be underpinned by the nursing accountability aspect that guides the course of treatment for the patient. The essential virtues that steer the effective practice of the vocation are integral to the provision of suitable care services (Krautscheid, 2014). Therefore, the following essay will aim to address the qualities of trust and empathy, active listening and non-judgmental approach used in nursing in the context of patient centered care. Discussions will be made regarding application of the qualities in the relevant circu mstances. The training of the nurses from the educational perspective requires the compliance with the virtues of empathy and trust to foster patient care. Vulnerability to human behavior is addressed by means of adequate nursing professionalism. Education regarding the following of the virtues is imparted to the trainee nurses from the very beginning at the basic preliminary level. Empathy, trust and compassion are the prerequisites of the nursing profession that are debated of being innately present in individuals who desire to pursue their career in this vocation. Patient relationship building alongside promotion of the therapeutic advantage in care is appreciated in the teaching of nursing for the novice. Exploitation of the nursing potential to its optimum level is carried out by the nurses for the sake of utilization of the nursing therapeutics as effective modalities of interventions (Richardson, Percy Hughes, 2015). Presence of the moral virtue of trust and empathy are debated to be i nherently present in the nurses and the patients feedback is emphasized in this respect. Often the smallest of the nursing actions and attitudes towards the patient are noted to convey empathy and trust thereby strengthening and gaining of the confidence of the patients. In real life situations, the nursing interventions relies n the prudence and pragmatism of the nurses to apply these virtues successfully in the therapeutic intervention for optimizing the treatment outcomes (Bramley Matiti, 2014). Recent evidences have suggested that the viability of the mindfulness into the nursing curriculum to increase the efficacy of the nursing intervention. The bridging of the professional life and the internal emotional space is suggested to be the outcome of the mindfulness regime. Tackling with the stressors in the scenario of the modern day healthcare service has been revealed to appear due to mindfulness intervention (Walker Mann, 2016). The virtues of empathy and trust are found to be vital in certain healthcare settings where definite strategies and therapies are required to effectively carry out the healthcare services. This is particularly relevant in situations where the empathetic and trusting engagement in relationship is likely to diminish the constraints thereby paving the way for accurate diagnosis and greater compliance to the therapeutic interventions on the part of the patient. This is particularly noticed in case of the obstetrics and gynecological setting in a hospital where the women tend to rely more on the nurses to stay by their side and ensure comfort and safety within the realm of the hospital setting. The new mothers are found to feel more secured because of their increased dependency on the nurses thereby allaying their nervousness, anxiety and worry pertaining to encountering of unprecedented situations and matter related to giving birth for the first time. Empathy and trust by the nurses are found to benefit these patients to a wide extent (Hojat, 2016). Nurses appointed in the psychiatric mental health setting are found to widely apply these virtues in their professional intervention to imply for holistic outcomes relevant to the particular set of patients. Systematic and comprehensive mental health nursing is required to deal with the mentally ill patients through effective therapies supported by trust and empathy to cope up with the diverse challenges that thwart their health related outcomes. When the patients confide in the nurse regarding their concerns and issues it become much easier for the nurse to devise suitable intervention plan based on the feedback retrieved from them. The management of the patient becomes convenient when the patient pays trust and shares their views and opinions to the nurses to make way for harboring best outcomes. In other cases, trust and empathy is desirable in communicating with the family of the patient to convey important informat ion pertinent to a specific context (Choi et al., 2016). Unlike any other profession that requires certain skills to manage the situation as it arises, nursing also demands certain timely intervention to combat issues and challenges without having the possibility of harming the person undergoing treatment. The vital attributes related to hope and acceptance of the prevailing condition is promoted by the nursing intervention in specific circumstances. The patients suffering from terminal illness and threatened by debilitating health conditions are likely to be benefited by means of fostering of these virtues. Cancer is a major thwarting disease that hampers the lives of many. On diagnosis of cancer, the persons state of mind undergoes drastic alteration when feelings of anxiety fear and hopelessness impacts the mental health state. Thus promotion of hope is capable of mitigating the anxiety and enhancing the quality of living in the patient. Thus, assessment of hope and promulgation of empathetic listening and treating the patients with dig nity has been recommended for the nurses to deal with the patients in a satisfactory manner. Thus, hope and quality of life is likely to be improved by fostering trust and empathy in the concerned individuals. The more the patient relies on the nurse, the better will be the therapeutic intervention outcomes (Rebecca Lichwala, 2014). The interaction of the nurses with the patients is another critical parameter to evaluate the efficacy of the nursing therapeutics. It is considered as a resource of hope and contributes largely to adding meaning to life and predicting the self-transcendence concept in the context of the nursing home patients. This particular holds true for the geriatric patients where the spiritual dimensions of living encompassing the above mentioned concepts in predicting the successful ageing, rendering life satisfaction and well being of the older population. Communication skills are indispensable in appreciating the care giving the patients. The daily care practice s carried out by the nurses is essential to the success of the healthcare services offered by these professionals for the distressed patients. Providing hope and acceptance of the situation and strengthening the mental make up to cope up with a situation is an important feature of the nursing profession. This is further strengthened in the light of building up of trust and empathy (Haugan, 2014). The ever-increasing multicultural concepts in the healthcare sector have opened up avenues for the transcultural nursing that aimed to address the holistic care of the patients. Necessary knowledge and skills in cultural competency account for resulting in appreciating the cultural differences in healthcare beliefs, customs and values. In this regard, the practice of active .listening and nonjudgmental approach is considered vital to underpin the success of the nursing interventions (Giger, 2016). The attribute of active listening helps in paying attention to the essential requirements of the patient through exchange of information and sharing of their experiences. The evaluation of the health outcomes through understanding of the patient satisfaction is the motive of the transcultural nursing. In clinical practice the spiritual care services offered by the nursing professionals is a vital component to ensure the efficient intervention in the clinical context. Comprehensive staff tra ining and practical quality assessments guidelines are considered significant in this respect to facilitate the competent practice of nursing (Ramezani et al., 2014). Further the notion of the active listening and non-judgmental approach is crucial to the abidance of cultural safety in public health nursing. Effective communication with the family members and the clients themselves are done through following of principle of active listening. Timely informing the stakeholders about the possible threats and benefits of undergoing the therapeutic interventions is done through following a non-judgmental approach whereby the concerns of all involved are shared (Richardson, Yarwood Richardson, 2016). Thus the active listening is considered vital in the practice of nursing to account for holistic outcomes in the patient. Review of the vital attributes that define the nursing practice, it may be inferred that these characteristics are crucial to the satisfactory performance of the nursing service. The multicultural set up of the healthcare setting offers great challenges in front of the nursing professionals to carry out their duties in a competent manner. Collective and individualistic efforts in nursing are aimed to narrow the healthcare disparity, accentuate the efficacy of the interventions provided through mutual agreements of healthcare needs, knowledge and experience. Nurses being the frontline healthcare facility providers are entrusted with the responsibility of performing their skills and abiding by the ethico-legal guidelines as lay down by the appropriate authorities (Darnell Hickson, 2015). Improvement of the healthcare outcomes by means of facilitation of the healthcare services thereby accounting for promotion of patient satisfaction is another crucial task that a nurse needs to perfor m as part of the professional duty. References Bramley, L., Matiti, M. (2014). How does it really feel to be in my shoes? Patients' experiences of compassion within nursing care and their perceptions of developing compassionate nurses.Journal of clinical nursing,23(19-20), 2790-2799. Choi, H., Hwang, B., Kim, S., Ko, H., Kim, S., Kim, C. (2016). Clinical Education In psychiatric mental health nursing: Overcoming current challenges.Nurse education today,39, 109-115. Darnell, L. K., Hickson, S. V. (2015). Cultural competent patient-centered nursing care.Nursing Clinics of North America,50(1), 99-108. Giger, J. N. (2016).Transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Haugan, G. (2014). Nursepatient interaction is a resource for hope, meaning in life and self?transcendence in nursing home patients.Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences,28(1), 74-88. Hojat, M. (2016). Empathy and patient outcomes. InEmpathy in Health Professions Education and Patient Care(pp. 189-201). Springer International Publishing. Krautscheid, L. C. (2014). Defining professional nursing accountability: a literature review.Journal of Professional Nursing,30(1), 43-47. Ramezani, M., Ahmadi, F., Mohammadi, E., Kazemnejad, A. (2014). Spiritual care in nursing: a concept analysis.International nursing review,61(2), 211-219. Rebecca Lichwala, R. N. (2014). Fostering hope in the patient with cancer.Clinical journal of oncology nursing,18(3), 267. Richardson, A., Yarwood, J., Richardson, S. (2016). Expressions of cultural safety in public health nursing practice.Nursing inquiry. Richardson, C., Percy, M., Hughes, J. (2015). Nursing therapeutics: Teaching student nurses care, compassion and empathy.Nurse education today,35(5), e1-e5. Walker, M., Mann, R. A. (2016). Exploration of mindfulness in relation to compassion, empathy and reflection within nursing education.
Saturday, November 30, 2019
Traditions Customs of Great Britain free essay sample
Traditions A ; Customs of Great Britain. Every state and every state has its ain imposts and traditions. In Britian traditions play more importaint portion in the life of the people than in some other states. Englishmans are proud of their traditions and carefully maintain them up. It has been the jurisprudence for about three hundred old ages that all the theaters are closed on Sundays no letters are delivered merely a few Sunday documents are publshed. To this twenty-four hours English households prefer cotage houses with gardens to flats in a modern house with cardinal heeting. English people like gardens. Sometimes the garden in forepart of the house is a small square covered with cement painted green ( in imitation of grass ) and a box of flowers. In English houses the fire-place has ever been the Centre of involvement in a room. For many months of the twelvemonth people like to sit round the fire and watch the dance fires. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditions Customs of Great Britain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fire topographic points are decorated with woodworks, there is a picture or a mirror over it. Above the fire there is normally a shelf with a clock and some exposure. Holydays are particularly rich in old traditions and are different in cotland, Wales and England. Christmas is a great English national holyday and in Scotland it is non kept at all exeept by clerks in Bankss, all the stores and mills are working. But 6 yearss subsequently on the New Year s Eve the Scots Begin to bask themselves. Peoples invite their friends to their houses and sit the old twelvemonth out and the new twelvemonth in. In England on new Year s Eve a batch of people go to Trafalgar Square, at midnight, they all cross their weaponries fall in custodies and sing. Peoples have parties excessively, they drink toarts to the New Year Children are happy to hold nowadayss. Four times a twelvemonth the offices and Bankss in Britain are closed on Monday. These public vacations are known as Bank Holidays. The British like to pass vacations out of the town in the unfastened air. They go to the sea-side or to amusements Parkss. Londoners frequently visit the Zoo, outside London they take their households to Hamsted Heath [ h # 1085 ; mstidhi @ ] a big natural park excessively. There is normally a large carnival with many different amusements for kids merry-go-round, swings marionette shows, bright baloons. One must besides talk about such vacations ass All Fools Day, Halloween Bonfire Night, St. Valentines Day and such tradition as Eisteddfod ( a festival of which civilization ) .
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Germanys Surrender essays
Germany's Surrender essays How did the terms of Germanys surrender in World War I lay the groundwork for Hitlers rise to power and ultimately World War II? The terms of Germanys surrender in World War I laid the groundwork for Hitlers rise to power and ultimately World War II because of the controversial Treaty of Versailles and the Weimar Republic. To begin, the Treaty of Versailles, derived at the Paris Peace Conference, ended World War I. The four nations that controlled the punishment of Germany, known as the Big Four, were the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy. The leaders from The Big Four were Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy. President Wilson, prior to the end of the war, had already written a treaty to end World War I. Wilsons treaty was called Wilsons Fourteen Points and would be used as the bases of the Treaty of Versailles (Versailles, OCLC). The League of Nations (Articles one through twenty-six), point fourteen of Wilsons Fourteen Points, would unite countries across the globe to stop all future wars (Fourteen Points). The League of Nations had little power in regulating countries because the United States failed to join the League. The introduction of the Treaty of Versailles dealing with the League of Nations states THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES, In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace and security by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war by the prescription of open, just and honorable relations between nations by the firm establishment of the understandings of international law as the actual rule of conduct among Governments, and by the maintenance of justice and a scrupulous respect for all treaty obligations in the dealings of organized peoples with one another Agree to this Covenant of the League of Nations (Schoenher...
Friday, November 22, 2019
Sit vs. Set
Sit vs. Set Sit vs. Set Sit vs. Set By Maeve Maddox Like many of our shortest English words, sit and set have lengthy entries in the Oxford English Dictionary. Some of the definitions overlap. Some are interchangeable. The most common uses of sit and set are similar to those of lay and lie. â€Å"To sit†is to be seated. â€Å"To set†is to place something somewhere. In these contexts, sit is intransitive and set takes an object. Mixing up sit and set is not as common as mixing up lay and lie because the principal parts of sit and set are completely different: sit, sat, (have) sat, sitting set, set, (have) set, setting However, because sit and set have so many additional uses, efforts to state a hard and fast rule as to when to use one and when the other are futile. That fact doesn’t stop people from trying. I read a comment asserting that â€Å"animate objects sit, whereas inanimate objects set, and that’s that!†If â€Å"that were that,†the following statements would represent standard usage, but they don’t. The flowers were setting on the table and the men’s tuxes were draped over chairs. We were surprised by the beautiful gift-wrapped package setting on our bed. Both â€Å"flowers†and â€Å"package†are inanimate objects, but sitting is the verb called for in both statements. The meanings of sit listed in the OED include this one:  a. Of things: To have place or location; to be situated. Ex. There were a dozen eggs still sitting on the front porch and the dustbin sat at the back of the house where the binmen had left it. The flowers were sitting on the table and the package was sitting on the bed. The expressions â€Å"to sit well†and â€Å"to set well†have differing meanings. A certain plan may not sit well with voters. Here, â€Å"to sit well†means something like â€Å"to please†or â€Å"be agreeable to.†A jacket may be said to set well on the shoulders. The OED definition for this sense of to set is, To have a certain set or hang; to sit (well or ill, tightly or loosely, etc.). In texts written about clothing, you will also see â€Å"to sit well†used in the same sense: Just because you can squeeze yourself into a garment doesn’t mean it sits well. Trousers with a wider waistband sit well. When speaking of clothing, â€Å"to set well†and â€Å"to sit well†seem to be interchangeable. In the matter of liking or not liking legislation, â€Å"to sit well†or â€Å"not to sit well†is the way to go. In speaking of an object that has been placed somewhere, the choice is â€Å"sitting.†Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and Expressions50 Idioms About Fruits and Vegetables13 Theatrical Terms in Popular Usage
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Computer Models Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Computer Models Comparison - Essay Example In this respect, this paper provides a review (comparison) of three amongst the leading computer models that an organization can choose from, namely: HP Pavilion p7-1030, Velocity Micro Edge Z40, and Lenovo ThinkStation S20 (Adams, 2011). The three models are compared on the basis of their price, external features, internal features and performance. Subsequently, recommendations are made on the best model between the three for this organization to purchase. Pricing is a key element to be considered while purchasing a computer product. Retailing at $3,665, the Lenovo would be the costliest of the three models, followed by Velocity which goes for an approximate $1199. Going for $580, Pavilion is the cheapest of them all; about $2000 and $500 cheaper than Lenovo and Velocity respectively. Regarding the external features, Velocity has eight USB 2.0 ports. With that number, it falls short of Lenovo by four ports while beating Pavillion by two ports. On the upper part of the front panel, t he Pavilion further has multimedia card reader ports (MMC, XD, MS/Pro, SD and Compact Flash). At the back all the three have an Ethernet port, three audio jerks (audio-in, microphone in and audio-out) as well as a DVI video and VGA for connecting the desktop to an external display or monitor. They also come with a wired USB optical mouse and USB keyboard. The one notable downside about Velocity is that, unlike the other two, it may not come with a monitor (Adams, 2011). Internally, the Pavillion is loaded with a 1TB 7200rpm hard drive and a PCIe Mini card which delivers 802.11n Wi-Fi therefore negating the need for long Ethernet cables when connecting to the Web (Adams, 2011). It also has 8GB of DDR3 RAM which although more than sufficient, occupies the only two DIMM slots available, thereby leaving no room for expansion unless the user chooses to do so by removing one or both pre installed memory sticks. Similarly, the Velocity feature 1TB, 7200rpm hard drive, but does scale down o n the memory to provide 4GB of DDR3. Having a 500GB SATA 7200 rpm hard drive and 2GB of DDR3 RAM, Lenovo appears to scale down on two of the most essential internal features, but on the other hand, the model proceeds to compensates for this by providing ample space for two more memory sticks and two more internal hard drives. Of noteworthy, as far as internal features are concerned, the make comes with pre-installed software. In terms of operating system, all the three come with a pre installed Genuine Windows 7 Professional 64bit. Similarly, they all come with a pre installed starter version of Microsoft Office 2010. In terms of software, the only major difference between the three is that of the anti virus software pre installed in each of them. Whereas the pavilion features a 60-day trial of Norton Internet Security 2011, Lenovo comes with a 30-day trial McAffee Internet Security package. However, unlike Pavilion, Lenovo’s McAffee is merely made to lie on the hard drive un installed. This is seen as a good thing by many, because it saves organizations the steps of cleaning their PCs if they happen to use a different solution (Adams, 2011). Performance Regarding the performance, the ordinary office setting does not allow for computer games and gaming tests. And whereas it is
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
INFORMING AND INVOLVING EMPLOYEES HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
INFORMING AND INVOLVING EMPLOYEES HRM - Essay Example Employee participation and involvement are two different terms with two different outcomes. Cox, Marchington and Suter (2009) consider employee involvement and participation (EIP) a loose term as it can give rise to different perceptions of the terms. Different definitions and interpretations have been given of the term EIP which ranges from encouraging commitment to achieve organizational success or exercising influence over their work or personal involvement of organization al workers. According to the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) employee involvement (EI) is defined as ‘a process of employee involvement designed to provide employees with the opportunity to influence and where appropriate, take part in decision making on matters which affect them’ (LTSN, n.d.). Employee participation (EP), on the other hand, is ‘a process of employee involvement designed to provide employees with the opportunity to influence and where appropriate, take part in decision making on matters which affect them’. Thus employee participation has a direct impact on decision-making whereas employee involvement amounts to support, understanding, commitment and contribution (AC219, n.d.). EI has been identified as a means to secure commitment and high performance which has resulted in an increase in the interest in employee involvement and participation. EI has been a major area of growth in the UK since early 1980s. It includes team-working (including self-managed teams), team briefing, downward communications, two-way communications, suggestion schemes, problem-solving groups, and financial participation (including profit-sharing schemes). Performance is a function of ability, motivation and Oppurtunity. This suggests that the selection process should be rigorous and the training systems should be improved to increase the ability levels.
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Moscow Dynamo Football Essay Example for Free
Moscow Dynamo Football Essay Many people would argue that sport helps bring people together and helps overcome divisions of race, nationality, class and religion. The Soviets drew upon this ideal in 1984 when they called the Moscow games, the friendship games. As well as bringing people together, sport can just as easily raise political consciousness and force people apart. The collective passion for Barcelona F.C is interlocked with politics, as is the connection between sport and nationalism in Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Supporting this view, George Orwell comments on the visit of the Moscow Dynamo Football team to Britain in 1945, sport is an unfailing cause of ill-will andif such a visit has had any affect on Anglo-Soviet relations, it could only be to make them slightly worse than before. (Atyeo, 1979, P.372) Governments have been known to use major sporting events to try and divert the attention of the masses away from certain political and social problems that country might be encountering as well as trying to improve their national image. For example, in the nine months leading up to the Moscow Olympics, drunks, hooligans and dissidents were rounded up and headed out of Moscow to try to prevent any sort of dissent, which could mar their public relations. Certain groups use the prominence of sport, which has been increased in recent years thanks to sport becoming a global television spectacle, to make a political point. In most cases, the choice of sport to make the political point is arbitrary, as it is the prominence of the sport in the public eye which is the critical factor. The 1972 Munich Olympics saw the killing of 10 Israeli athletes by eight armed Palestinian gunman, and the 1968 Mexico Olympics saw a protest by the student movement about the cost of hosting the games, which was a huge financial burden on the poor country, result in the army opening fire on the demonstration, killing 260 and injuring 1,000. Although politics does not only cite sport when dissidents intervene. There are a number of groups and individuals that have used sport and its prominent position in the public eye to raise political consciousness about what may be happening in that country. For example, the 2003 cricket world cup saw the wearing of a black armband by two of Zimbabwes players in protest against the Mugabe regime. The two players, Henry Olonga, the first black man to play for his country, and Andy Flower, in most cricket fans opinion, Zimbabwes greatest ever player, were almost universally praised for their dignified statement about the human rights abuses in their homeland. Ian Chappell, former captain of Australias cricket team and one of the many who applaud Flower and Olonga for their brave stance commented that; you realise when you go through life that there are occasions when you have a louder voice. If theres something youre moved about, thats the time to speak out for those who do not have a louder voice. The World Cup also saw the boycott by England of their opening match in the competition against Zimbabwe, for which they first cited moral, political and security concerns, then changed it to concerns about player safety as the reason for boycotting the game. A decision they might have latter regretted as the points gained for winning that match would have taken them into the super-six stage of the competition and maybe further. Theyre many people who believe that England made the right decision in boycotting this match, but there are also people who did not. David Coltart, who believes that politics has no place in sport, puts forward some arguments for going ahead with the match. He comments, paradoxically, holding the matches in Zimbabwe opens up a tiny piece of democratic space for those fighting tyranny. He also notes if no further matches take place (in Zimbabwe), there will be no further reason for the regime to behave better. Kate Hoey, writing for Sky Sports online, who disagreed with Coltart, argues that the match shouldnt have been played because the message that will be sent out worldwide is that Zimbabwe is a normal functioning country, which is patently untrue. She feels sport and politics must unite against the Mugabe regime and thus the England team needed to pull out of the match to raise worldwide awareness about the human rights abuses dictator Mugabe is undergoing. This view coincides with Ian Chappells view about the need to speak out for those without a louder voice. It is not only the players who sometimes feel the need to tackle political issues, the broad fact is that sports bodies on occasion have to confront inter-state political issues. (Allison, 1983, P.33) This was no more evident when the International Olympic Committee (IOC) excluded South Africa from the Olympic movement, not because of governmental pressure, but because the social and economic system in South Africa does not allow sport to be practiced there in accordance with the IOCs own rules as laid down in the Olympic Charter. The Welsh Hockey associations decision to not send a team to Argentina in 1985 because of the ill feeling that could still have been left over after the Falklands War is another example of a sporting body taking into account political situations before making a decision. There are so many examples of sport being influenced by politics over the years and so much theoretical evidence linking the two to say sport can remain uninfluenced by politics and politicians. Whether or not sport should remain uninfluenced by politics is of much wider debate. Events in Zimbabwe have highlighted many peoples opinions that sport and everyone involved in it has a responsibility to make sure important political issues such as the Mugabe regime are not ignored and that something is done to try and resolve them. But whatever view you may have on whether it is right for sport to get involved with politics, it becomes apparent that sport and politics cannot be mutually isolated (Allison. 1983, P.29) however much the sports enthusiast would wish them to be. Bibliography Books Allison,L. The Politics of Sport, (Manchester University Press, 1983) Whannel, G. Blowing the Whistle: The Politics of Sport, (Pluto, 1986) Houlihan, B. The Government and Politics of Sport, ( Routledge, 1991) Lapchick, R, E. The Politics and Race of International Sport, (Greenwood Press, 1975) Voy, R. Drugs, Sport and Politics, (Leisure Press, 1991) Atyeo, D. Blood, Guts and Violence, (Paddington Press, 1979)
Thursday, November 14, 2019
The Impact Of The Enlightenment On The Colonies :: American History
The intellectual current known as the Enlightenment deeply affected the learned clergymen who headed colonial colleges and their students. Around 1650, some European thinkers began to analyze nature in order to determine the laws governing the universe. They employed experimentation and abstract reasoning to discover general principles behind phenomena such as the motions of planets and stars, the behavior of falling objects, and the characteristics of light and sound. Above, all Enlightenment philosophers emphasized acquiring knowledge through reason, taking particular delight challenging previously unquestioned assumptions. John Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding disputed the notion that human beings are born already imprinted with innate ideas. All knowledge, locke asserted, derives form ones observations of the external world. Belief in witchcraft and astrology, among other similar phenomena, thus came under attack. The Enlightenment had an enormous impact on educated, well to do people in Europe and America. It supplied them with a common vocabulary and a unified view of the world, one that insisted that the enlightened 18th century was better, and wiser, than all previous ages. It joined them in a common endeavor, the effort to make sense of God's orderly creation. Thus American naturalists like John and William Bartram supplied European scientists with information about New World plants and animals so that they could be included in newly formulated universal classification systems. Americans interested in astronomy took part in an international effort to learn about the solar system by studying a rare occurrence, the transit of Venus across the face of the sun in 1769. An example of the Americans participation in the Enlightenment was Benjamin Franklin, who retired from a successful printing business himself to scientific experimentation and public service. His experiments and observation on electricity established the terminology and basic theory of electricity still used today. The experimentation encouraged by the Enlightenment affected the lives of ordinary Americans most dramatically through advances in medicine specifically, the control of smallpox. The Reverend Cotton Mather, the prominent Puritan cleric, learned from his African born slave about the benefits of inoculation (deliberately infecting a person with a mild case of a disease) as a protects against smallpox. When Boston in 1720-1721 suffered a major small pox epidemic, Mather urged the adoption of inoculation despite fierce opposition from the cities leading physician. Mortality rates eventually supported Mather- of those inoculated, just 3 percent died; of other 15 percent.
Monday, November 11, 2019
Cause-Effect Essay* Causes of Divorce
You know that divorce is more common nowdays, but do you know the causes? According to the statistics offered by INEGI in a survey practiced in 2005, 70% of the couples who get married take the decision of getting divorce. There are many reasons why they make yhis decision, but there are three main causes which are lack of communication, financial issues, and abuse. Lack of communication is one of the main causes of divorce.A marriege is on the rocks when the lines of communication fail. You cannot have an ineffective realtionship if either one of you does not discuss about his/her feelings, cannot talk about his/her mutual or personal issues, and expects his/her partner to guess what the whole problem is about. Another cause of divorce are financial issues. Money or aspects related to ot are of course a possible cause of disagreement between couples.Married couples could squabble over such issues as shared financial responsibility, unequal financial status, undisclosed financial sta te, over spending, and lack of financial support. The last cause of divorce are the ways of abuse. This does not just include intentional and habitual phusycal abuse. It may also come in the form of sexual abuse and emmotional abuse. One partner may actively seeks to degrade his/her partner through harsh language.Drug and alcohol make the person so violent; in addition, there may be no physical or verbal abuse, but the other partner would understandibly have a difficult time managing finances and daily life with an addicted spouse. Now we know that lack of communication, financial problems, and violence are the main causes why people get divorce. May be you should considet living in free union for a short time before you get married, by doing this, you can meet your partner well. It is not the best option, but if you are really in love, you can get married without any problem.
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Richard III
Analysis of Richard III PassageMethoughts that I had broken from the Tower And was embarked to traverse to Burgundy, And in my company my brother Gloucester, Who from my cabin tempted me to walk Upon the hatches. Thence we looked toward England And cited up a 1000 fearful times, During the wars of York and Lancaster That had befall'n us. As we paced along Upon the dizzy terms of the hatches, Methought that Gloucester stumbled, and in falling Struck me, that thought to remain him, overboard Into the toppling surges of the chief. O Lord, methought what hurting it was to submerge, What awful noise of Waterss in my ears, What sights of ugly decease within my eyes. Methoughts I saw a 1000 fearful wracks, A thousand work forces that fishes gnawed upon, Wedges of gold, great ground tackles, tonss of pearl, Incomputable rocks, unappreciated gems, All scattered in the underside of the sea. Some ballad in dead work forces ‘s skulls, and in the holes Where eyes did one time inhabit, there were crept As 'twere in contempt of eyesâ€â€reflecting treasures, That wooed the slimed underside of the deep And mocked the dead castanetss that lay scattered by. ( I: IV:9-33 ) Clarence ‘s prophetic dream sequence in Act I scene Four Begins and ends with premonition, as we see the slaying of Clarence and besides visualize the eerie and supernatural glance of an underworld beneath the ocean as we see Clarence distressingly drown. The transition begins with Richard and Clarence puting canvas to Burgundy, reminiscing on the horrors of the conflicts they had won and lost together throughout the war of the roses. As their ship begins to destabilize, Clarence is cast overboard after seeking to forestall Richard from falling. The text leads us to believe this is inadvertent despite logic stating us to instantly presume this was planned by Richard. As Clarence distressingly drowns, he begins to depict the dark, supernatural underbelly of the ocean. Multitudes of lost wealth and hoarded wealth are seen alongside decomposing cadavers and the liquors of 1000s of work forces, work forces whose deceases, it has been suggested, Clarence was partially responsible fo r as a consequence of the recent overthrow of the monarchy. Clarence ‘s dream sequence is laced with both dramatic linguistic communication and baleful boding throughout. An array of poetic devices and literary techniques are employed to successfully reenforce major issues and subjects of the drama as a whole within this transition. Numerous subjects are reinforced and introduced in this transition such as the apposition of earthly wealth and human mortality, the upseting trust that Clarence has for Richard, horror and calamity, and besides the motive of the dark and the supernatural. Furthermore if we read the transition from a modern position we can integrate a Freudian reading when analyzing what seems to be Clarence ‘s subconscious head. Whilst watching Richard III, the character of Richard is hard to side with nevertheless at the same clip there is a certain appeal and inventiveness about him that is difficult to dislike. There are cases throughout the drama which help to demo Richard as a antic linguist and a sympathetic Machiavellian hero. However, at the same clip the dramatic sarcasm used in the signifier of Clarence ‘s weakness and naivete is perchance the most powerful illustration throughout the full drama which shows the cold and evil inner nucleus of Richard ‘s character. When Clarence dreams of Richard killing him, the text seems to propose that Richard did this by accident as Clarence says that Richard â€Å"in falling, Struck me, that thought to remain him, overboard.†[ [ 1 ] ] The manner Clarence has made a point of stating how Richard merely pushed him â€Å"in falling†is interesting as it makes us oppugn the dependability of Clarence ‘s history. This dramatic sarcasm plants because from an audience ‘s position we are already cognizant of the dark nature and pitilessness of Richard, moreover we know that Richard is in the procedure of engineering the slaying of his brother Clarence. These factors make us oppugn the â€Å"accidental nature†of Clarence ‘s narrative despite it being a dream. Could this dream in fact be a message straight from Clarence ‘s subconscious trying to warn him of his impending decease? We could in fact read this transition as Shakespeare trying to show a sixteenth century equivalent to Freud ‘s construct of the subconscious head. The audience is now to the full anticipating the impending decease of Clarence, and the incapacitated audience is forced to sympathize with him and get down to contemn Richard. The experience of this scene could be summed up by a quotation mark from critic Charles Barber, who believes â€Å"Clarence ‘s incredulity in his ain dream creates the feeling that Rich ard ‘s immorality is excessively monstrous for those around him to accept or conceive of, and therefore it amplifies our horror of Richard.†[ [ 2 ] ] The antecedently mentioned construct of Shakespeare meaning to demo the workings of Clarence ‘s subconscious is besides fascinating as it demonstrates a sample of a theory that was non to go popularly recognised for 100s of old ages. This element adds deepness and verisimilitude to the drama and besides adds to our hatred for Richard. Freud describes the unconscious head as â€Å"a reservoir of feelings, ideas, impulses, and memories that are outside of our witting awareness.†[ [ 3 ] ] It would look that these feelings are more perceptive in some ways than Clarence ‘s witting 1s. Somehow Clarence ‘s unconscious has picked up more about Richard ‘s character than his witting head. This poses an interesting inquiry, even to a modern audience, about the antic complexness of our heads. An audience who embraces this reading is likely to happen this idea provoking and be intellectually stimulated by this construct. If we take this transition to intend that th at Clarence ‘s unconscious head is seeking to state him something, so we besides read that his witting head is disregarding it for non merely does he presume his dreamed decease was an accident, but he subsequently goes on to province how his brother â€Å"loves me dear†and says to the liquidators ( hired by Richard ) that â€Å"if you be hired for meed, travel back once more, And I will direct you to my brother Gloucester, Who shall honor you better for my life.†[ [ 4 ] ] Clarence ‘s refusal to move upon this portents and moreover disregard his ain ego is important in demoing the power and use Richard is capable of. When the audience listens to Clarence ‘s history of his dream, the transition should render as extremely important as it foreshadows many of the events yet to come in the drama. When Clarence begins to submerge this is in fact an eerie prefiguration of his eventual decease, and more specifically submerging minutes subsequently in the scene. One critic has besides read this dream as besides boding the nightmare Richard himself experiences prior to the conflict of Bosworth in Act V scene V. [ [ 4b ] ] There is much boding throughout the drama, such as when Queen Margaret, a enchantress like character, is introduced. Queen Margaret begins to state curst prognostications as a acrimonious effort to revenge all of those who have antecedently wronged her. It is besides interesting to observe that through this transition, Shakespeare has included a subject that was popular amongst Renaissance literature, whereby earthly wealth is shown in apposition with human mortality. [ [ 4c ] ] This was a common concern among authors of the clip as earthly wealth ‘s value was questioned in many ways because of the realization that we can non purchase â€Å"life†and wealth will intend nil in the hereafter. While absorbing the address, we notice that there are infinite images in this transition that barrage us with this subject. The lost hoarded wealths are described to a great extent and often such as the â€Å"wedges of gold, great ground tackles, tonss of pearl, incomputable rocks, and unappreciated jewels.†However it becomes clearer why Shakespeare has made a point of making this when we consider this subject of human mortality versus earthly wealth. When we so go on to see â€Å"Some [ gems ] ballad in dead work forces â⠂¬Ëœs skulls, and in the holes Where eyes did one time inhabit†decease and wealth are non merely in apposition, they are basically merged as one. The manner the gems have been incorporated into the oculus sockets of the skull makes the apposition even more dramatic as they about seem as one entity because of the manner we associate the gems as eyes slotting into the sockets of a skull. This transition is besides important in the manner it introduces the motive of the Gothic into the drama. Clarence ‘s dream sequence accompanied with the eerie cursing of Queen Margaret subsequently in the drama, are both scenes which contribute to the Gothic elements of this drama through mentions to the supernatural and the unknown, and minutes of horror. Horror as a literary term can be described as â€Å"The feeling of repugnance that normally occurs after something terrorization is seen, heard, or otherwise experienced.†[ [ 5 ] ] We see horror in the transition when Clarence describes in item the scenes of the underworld and the nature of his painful drowning. Clarence explains â€Å"what pain it was to submerge, What awful noise of Waterss in my ears, What sights of ugly decease within my eyes.†This dramatic address forces the audience to get down to see the submerging themselves as Clarence uses powerful imagery such as the H2O in his ears and the hurting that he experienced. Furthermore the grotesque and macabre images of â€Å"a thousand work forces that fishes gnawed upon†besides help to dismay the audience. Supernatural elements that besides contribute to the Gothic feel of the drama are seen in another subsequent prognostication manner dream of Clarence ‘s where he sees the shade of Prince Edward, a Lancastrian whom Clarence had helped to kill. Edward begins to cuss Clarence as liquors begin to drag him below to the underworld. After analyzing Clarence ‘s dream in Act I scene IV, it can be concluded that Shakespeare has employed a scope of literary techniques and thoughts that help to reenforce and present of import subjects that permeate the full drama. Techniques such as dramatic sarcasm encourages us to appreciate the immorality of Richard, and the inclusion of a subconscious aid add deepness and machination to the drama. Furthermore the transition is a utile penetration into the drama as a whole through the debut of other of import subjects and issues of the twenty-four hours such as horror, the supernatural, and the apposition of earthly wealth and human mortality.BibliographyBarber Charles, Notes on Richard III, ( London, Longman, 1999 ) Devendra, Varma The Gothic Flame, ( New York: Russell and Russell, 1966 ) Radcliffe, Ann On the Supernatural in Poetry, Exert taken from New Monthly Magazine vol.16 No.1 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.litgothic.com/Texts/radcliffe_sup.pdf [ 22.4.09 ] Shakespeare, William, Richard III, ( London, The Arden Shakespeare, 2006 ) Strachey, James ( Trans. ) , ed. Anna Freud, The Necessities of Psychoanalysis, ( London: Vintage Books, 2005. ) [ [ 1 ] ] William Shakespeare, Richard III, ( London, The Arden Shakespeare, 2006 ) I.IV.19-20 [ [ 2 ] ] Charles Barber, Notes on Richard III, ( London, Longman,1999 ) p.75 [ [ 3 ] ] James Strachey ( Trans. ) , ed. Anna Freud, The Necessities of Psychoanalysis, ‘the unconscious ‘ ( London: Vintage Books, 2005. ) p.46 [ [ 4 ] ] William Shakespeare, Richard III, ( London, The Arden Shakespeare, 2006 ) I.IV 217-218 p.183 [ [ 4b ] ] Barber Charles, Notes on Richard III, ( London, Longman, 1999 ) p.96 [ [ 4c ] ] Ibid. [ [ 5 ] ] Varma Devendra, The Gothic Flame, ( New York: Russell and Russell, 1966 ) p.17
Thursday, November 7, 2019
SOS Systems Engineering, Integration, and Architecting
SOS Systems Engineering, Integration, and Architecting Many people would concur that the world is currently an intricate place to live. Much of this assertion is attributed to two events that have begun to dictate our lives in recent years.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on SOS Systems Engineering, Integration, and Architecting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, human beings are deeply immersed in unparalleled levels of assimilation and are engrossed in an intricate web of interacting processes and technologies brought about by improvements in information and communication technologies. Second, rapid change is now a common phenomenon with novel practices, organizations and technologies being launched incessantly into this extremely assimilated web (Calvano and John 29). According to Chen and Clothier, the Systems of joint evolution include assimilation of the warship and the current SOS, and improvement of interoperability between the air defense missile and the surve illance plan. Emergent Evolution: A new system is to be developed in relation to or based upon the current systems with new capabilities. Example includes designing an assimilated air picture in relation to the current defense capability systems (Chen and Clothier 4). SOS Challenges The adoption of system engineering for SOS evolution and development brings about various challenges attributed principally to the changes within the SE context: Engineering object change: The object being engineered during the SOS lifecycle differs with respect to evolution circumstances. The object is frequently restricted to a precise part of an SOS. Engineering focus change: With respect to a particular evolution situation, the engineering focus can be replicated in various evolution needs (i.e. from integration, evolutionary development, redevelopment and redesign). Engineering environmental change: In addition to SOS evolution, various evolution circumstances require dissimilar engineering contex ts according to supporting instruments, information and knowledge resources, and terms of stakeholders (Chen and Clothier 5). Architecture in Practice Architecture stands out as one of the principal constituents of contemporary SE (Kopetz 112). The main goal of Architecture practice is to help an organization develop architecture capability by harmonizing architectural related processes. In the absence of a harmonized architecture practice, system architecting becomes complicated and exasperating within the SOS evolution backdrop as it cannot be executed effectively without dealing with other architecture problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on SOS Systems Engineering, Integration, and Architecting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, a methodical examination of architecture practice provides a wonderful prospect for SE community to collaborate with other related fields such as architecture issues of SOS and so ftware engineering and information systems (Chen and Clothier 11). The current immaturity with respect to architecture practice has brought about uncertainty regarding the appropriate use of architecture methodologies and structures. Nonetheless, SE can be augmented in a number of ways by redefining the functions of architecture within the context of SE for SOS development and integrating architecture production with SE activities. As a subset of system engineering field, architecture practice can be planned, streamlined and integrated successfully with SE processes in the entire system life-cycle needed for SOS. Thus, the maturation process of architecture will generate a variety of architecture-related processes and products deemed as components of an engineering field. For example, project-based system engineering has an element of architecting which is a component of architecture practice of an organization. Therefore, SE teams require architecture assistance from all pertinent spheres of architecture practice in order to successfully execute this activity for different evolutions within the context of SOS. In nutshell, SE teams must employ architecture capabilities created via the architecture practice in the entire organization (Chen and Clothier 12). Recent works in SOS and the lead systems integrator concept The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) Joint System Analysis (JSA) technical Panel 4 (TP-4) aspires to shape national acquisition processes and strategies in order to realize efficient joint coalition capability. For example, current TP-4 initiatives consist of case studies on applications of system engineering in latest defense capability development among coalition member states with an emphasis on SOS. As of now, the TTCP TP-4 is engaged in designing a Coalition Systems Engineering Process (CSEP) with the intention of setting up synchronized and integrated SE processes across defense organization. This will result in enhanced defense capabilit ies of the coalition in future, especially in the sphere of interoperability and architecture practice (Chen and Clothier 13). Force Levels Systems Engineering (FLSE) is another program of Defense Science Technology Organization (DSTO) designed for use by Australian Defense Organization (ADO). The main aim of FLSE is to assist the ADO set up system engineering structure that can be used to augment and implement the Defense Capability Systems Life Cycle Management (DCSLCM). It is expected that this structure will ultimately envelop all areas related to DCSLCM (such as In Service, Acquisition, Capability Development and Strategic Planning).Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As opposed to other SE teams engaged in development projects or acquisition, the main objective of FLSE initiative is to design techniques and solutions for system engineering (SE) application to DCSLCM (Chen and Clothier 13). Some of the processes relevant to FLSE program include: Defining a conceptual SE structure that encloses DCSLCM Illuminating and streamlining working surroundings of the processes with respects to their techniques, tools, references and inputs/outputs employed. Defining a mutually shared Defense Capability Architecture Information Model (DCAIM) as a foundation for Systems-of-Systems SE data administration that openly facilitates business processes management within the DCSLCM framework Developing an SOS system engineering supporting environment that is assimilated with SE and architecture tools to offer a DCAIM-based SE knowledge warehouse (Chen and Clothier 13). In essence, FLSE program is projected to assist the ADO employ System Thinking and system engine ering at an organizational level and within the entire context of DCSLCM. Thus, ADO is expected to use FLSE to offer a superior engineering atmosphere for enhanced application of SE at conventional project level (Chen and Clothier 13). Calvano, Charles and Philip John. â€Å"Systems Engineering in an Age of Complexity.†IEEE Engineering Management Review, 32.4(2004): 29-38. Print. Carlock, Paul and Fenton Robert. â€Å"System-of-Systems (SoS) enterprise systems engineering for information-intensive organizations.†Sys Eng 4.4(2001): 242 261. Print. Chen, Pin and Jennie Clothier. â€Å"Advancing Systems Engineering for Systems-of Systems Challenges. System Engineering 6.3(2003): 1-14. Print. Flood, Scott and Paul Richard. â€Å"An Assessment of the Lead Systems Integrator Concept as applied to the Future Combat System Program.†Defense Acquisition Review Journal (2006): 355-373. Print. Grossman, Claudia and A. Goolsby. Engineering A Learning Healthcare System: A Look at the Future, Washington, D.C: The National Academies Press. 2011. Print. Kopetz, Hermann. â€Å"The Time-Triggered Architecture.†Proceedings of the IEEE 91.1(2003): 112-126. Print. Lane, Ann. Systems of Systems Lead Systems Integrators: Where do they spend their time and what make them more/less efficient? Southern Carolina: University of Southern Carolina: 2005. Print.
Monday, November 4, 2019
A research paper on cocaine Essay Example for Free
A research paper on cocaine Essay Research Paper (230) , Drug (166) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Grown in the countries of South America, with Columbia being the most productive, the Erythroxylon Coca bush is the natural origin of cocaine, a central nervous stimulant. Its history is as rich and diverse as the people using and dealing the drug. Cocaine use dates as far back as the 16th century when it was used among Inca royalty. In the early 1800’s cocaine was introduced to Europe. Sigmond Freud wrote a song in its honor and famous author Robert Louis Stevenson wrote â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde†during a six -day cocaine binge. In the early 1900’s cocaine was available to consumers over the counter. Its medicinal value was a relief for toothaches and congestion. Parke Davis advised their consumers of the effects of cocaine by stating that it â€Å"could make the coward brave, the silent eloquent, and render the sufferer insensitive to pain†. The use of cocaine found its way into other products like wine and the most famous of all, Coca Cola. Early production of Coca Cola contained 60mg of cocaine. Today, the popular soft drink still uses the leaves of the Coco Bush for flavor but the illicit drug has been removed (www.cocaine.org). The resurrection of cocaine use as a recreational drug began in the 1960’s, and was used mostly among the affluent because of its price. Movie stars, sport stars and the like give cocaine its mystique and draw; psychological and physical effects make it addictive. Changes in form and price make cocaine far more accessible and affordable. Today, there is no clear connection between the use of cocaine and education, occupation or socioeconomic status. Cocaine is generally sold as a hydrochloride salt, a fine white powder substance that is commonly referred to as â€Å"snow†, â€Å"coke†or â€Å"blow†. Street dealers of cocaine commonly dilute, or â€Å"cut†the drug with similar looking substances like talcum powder or with active local anesthetics and even sometimes with other stimulants like amphetamines. The purity of street cocaine, powder form, is about 75 percent. When the impurities of this form are removed, it is known as â€Å"freebase†or â€Å"crack†cocaine. â€Å"Crack†cocaine is easier to find and less expensive to buy. Cocaine in any form can be found in almost every town and city. Research studies done in 1999 showed cocaine is used by over 3.7 million Americans 12 years old and over, with the highest rate among people 18 and 25 years of age. The use among people 35 years and older also continues to rise (www.cocaine.org). The effects of cocaine depend on the route of administration, the amount of consumption, the user’s past experience, and the circumstances under which its taken. The major routes of administration are snorting, injecting, and smoking. Snorting is inhaling the powder form through the nasal cavity. The drug enters the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. Injecting cocaine is using a syringe to release the drug directly into the bloodstream. Smoking cocaine is inhaling the cocaine vapors or smoke delivering large quantities to the lungs where it then enters the bloodstream as quickly as injecting. Cocaine interferes with the re-absorption process of dopamine that is a chemical messenger of pleasure to the brain. The effects are instant and intense but not long lasting (www.drugs.indiana.edu). The short -term effects usually make the user fell euphoric, energetic, and alert to their senses. It can decrease your anxiety and heighten your sexuality. Crack users have described the rush as a â€Å"whole body orgasm.†Or, a user can feel anxious or panic-stricken. The drug is a parody of heaven and hell. Often times the cocaine user craves other drugs. These symptoms appear quickly and disappear within a few minutes or a few hours. Physically, a person’s blood pressure, body temperature, heartbeat, and breathing accelerate, along with pupil dialation. In larger amounts the side effects intensify. The â€Å"high†might include feelings of paranoia, vertigo, and muscle twitches and physically a user might experience chest pains, nausea, blurred vision. Over time with continued use, the effects of cocaine gradually change. Irritability, restlessness, insomnia and paranoia replace the euphoria. Physically, the long- term user will lose interest in sex and lose weight. Those who snort the drug wear out their nasal septum while those who inject it risk the chance of contracting hepatitis or AIDS. Cocaine related deaths are often a result of cardiac arrest or seizures followed by respiratory arrest. Over time, to the user’s tolerance, the drug will build. To achieve the same effects as that of early usage requires larger doses of the drug. The user becomes psychologically dependent. The drug becomes pivotal to their thoughts, feelings and their daily activities. â€Å"Cocaine just made you feel really good. Then after you get done feeling really good then you start to get a Superman ego and that’s the beginning of the end.†(â€Å"Drug Wars†; A Frontline, PBS Production) Often times, cocaine addicts develop an illicit lifestyle to keep up with their drug habit. Cocaine’s influence leads a user to stealing from family, friends and even employers. The lifestyle of addicts becomes as corrupt as the organizations that produce and supply the product. Cocaine’s addiction has two sides: the love of the high and the love of the money. The US Government has estimated that cocaine trafficking takes nearly $80 billion a year out of our economy. In 1990, the DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) estimated about 20 Colombian organizations controlled most of America’s cocaine supply. Annual revenues of the Colombian drug trade have been estimated to be 5 billion dollars. The drug cartels existing today control every phase of the drug trafficking business. They manufacture, transport, distribute, and finance cocaine. Like many large corporations, the business involves bankers, accountants, and lawyers, wholesalers and retailers. More special to this business the cartel â€Å"payroll†also includes chemists, pilots and enforcers of security (www.drugs.indiana.edu). The cartels are structured in layers, at the center is the cartel manager or â€Å"kingpin†. Information shared among the members of the cartel is highly secularized. Only a choice few are privy to all the workings of the cartel. Those employees holding positions in the outer layers of the organization (the lawyers, accountants, bankers, and enforcers) reap the financial benefits of serving their bosses but are strictly put on a need to know basis. Cartels operating in the United States are referred to as â€Å"cells†which are â€Å"self contained organized units.†The Medillin Cartel was the first known, successful cartel of cocaine traffickers coming from Colombia. It was established in 1978 and lead by Carlos Lehder. It used violence and intimidation to stay one step ahead of the justice system. The cartel bribed police officers with money or threatened them with death if they did not honor the cartel and look the other way when they did business. The Medellin Cartel was taken down in March of 1984. Carlos Lehder was arrested in 1987, tried in the United States and sentenced to 135 years without the possibility of parole. George Jung’s, the Medillin Cartel’s American contact, testimony against Lehder assured his conviction. In the 1990’s, on the heels of the Medillin, came the Cali Cartel. They are responsible for 70-80 percent of the cocaine coming into the United States and 90 percent of that entering Europe. Instead of violence and intimidation like their counter parts, the Cali operated their business using a subtle approach. Law enforcement has had difficulty in closing the Cali operations for many reasons. Their structure is different from that of the Medillin, as is their methods of smuggling. They are much more conservative. They only sell to people they know. The â€Å"home office,†which is the CEO and vice presidents, coordinate the cells. The cells contact the buyers usually by cellular phone or pager and arrange the time and place to distribute the drugs. Payment is made at the second meeting. When the deal is done, the home office is contacted and accurate records are kept by both (www.awesomestories.com). While the Colombians may monopolize the cocaine market, there are similar organizations in other countries. The Triads and Tongs of China, La Compania of Cuba, and the Yakuza of Japan are some other major drug trafficking organizations. They have successfully invested into legitimate American business. The one thing they all have in common: United States of America as a client base (www.cocainefacts.com). Cocaine touches many people on a variety of levels. It can completely change a person’s personality, for the worse. It spins a web of deceit and destruction. Physically and mentally the drug tricks you from recognizing reality. Euphoria tricks you into believing that the high is good, all the while the time bomb is ticking. Blowing up your mind is just a matter of time. Bailey, William J. Factline on Cocaine. 1995: Heller, Matthew. â€Å"Addicted to Love.†Los Angeles Magazine. Sept. 1999. A research paper on cocaine. (2016, Jun 25).
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Arts in philadelphia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Arts in philadelphia - Research Paper Example Description of the sculpture The Clothespin is a giant steel sculpture standing at the Centre Square in 1500 Market Street, in front of the City Hall in Philadelphia. It stands at a vertical height of forty-five feet, and as research has it, weighs about ten tons. The clothespin represents a normal household clothespin used to hold clothes on lines when drying or for storage only that is larger than life and made of steel, and not plastic. The steel seems to be weathering, probably due to the exposure, as it is an environmental art. However, there is a little variation from the actual clothespin in that the handles or pressure points where on pushes together in this giant piece curves outwards more than normal, maybe to provide more balance for the installation. At the joinery part where the two identical pieces normally have a piece of wire going around each peg to form a pivot, the sculptor imitates that and uses a similar twist of steel to create it. Surprisingly, standing from on e side of the sculpture, the twisted joining steel forms a number â€Å"7†, and if one views it from the opposite side, the steel joinery loops to form a number â€Å"6†. ... Oldenburg, born to a Swedish diplomat in 1929 in Stockholm, later went to live in the United States, particularly in New York, and later moving to Chicago. His post-university saw him meet some artists like Jim Dine, Allan Kaprow, and Red Grooms amongst others with similarities of basing their art on alternative to the famous abstract expressionist wave of painting. Their movement came up with an art whereby they included environments to their performances in a bid to eliminate the differences between the visual arts and theater. These kinds of performances are common as the â€Å"Happenings†. Oldenburg is famous for transforming normal objects and changes them in some ways, such as the way he changed the household clothespin to a giant sculpture, therefore making people to view them in interesting and unexpected forms. The socio-political concept of the Clothespin is more understandable by considering the fact that Jack Wolgin commissioned it in 1974 for the marking of the Ph iladelphian bicentennial through a program by the Redevelopment Authority called Fine Arts Program. The Centennial is an American celebration of culture and industrial progress of one-hundred years, which is a major world fair with much global attraction (Stephanie). As earlier stated, the fastening steel pieces form two numerals (7 and 6 in that order), which is the representation of the centennial exhibition year that is 1876. Oldenburg used this unique artistic representation to include the year in the sculpture without making it too obvious- a preference of most artists. In addition to this function, there are more assumptions leaning more on the social aspect concerning the sculpture. For instance, a distant side-view of the Clothespin gives an illusion of a very tall figure with legs
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