Tuesday, December 24, 2019
The Effects Of Torture On Human Rights Violations
Although the use of torture has been around since the first century, most Americans did not debate on the controversial topic until after the Abu Ghraib incident surfaced in April 2004. The Baghdad Central Prison, formerly known as Abu Ghraib prison was a complex west of Baghdad. During the war in Iraq, US armed forces committed a number of human rights violations, including â€Å"pouring phosphorus liquid on detainees, pouring cold water on naked detainees, beating detainees†(Hersh) and committing other psychological, physical, and sexual abuses. At the Abu Ghraib prison, military officials abused detainees for several reasons or without providing a reason. Enhanced interrogation techniques are sometimes seen as necessary to extract information, punish detainees, and instill fear; however, occasionally torture is used without providing a reason. Proponents of torture insist its legitimacy in special circumstances, especially when handling international terrorists. Opponents of torture believe these human rights violations are medieval and inhumane. Torture is illegal in the United States and no United States agency can legally engage in torture abroad. No country should engage in enhanced interrogation techniques because the methods are a violation of ethical principles, a violation of international law, a form of cruel and unusual punishment, ineffective in combating terrorism, and immoral, dehumanizing acts related to a lack of moral integrity. First of all, the definitionShow MoreRelatedThe Convention Against Torture Essay1122 Words  | 5 Pages Around the world and around the clock, human rights violations seem to never cease. In particular, torture violations are still rampant all over the world. One regime, the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, establishes a strong elaboration of norms against torture. Despite its efforts, many countries still outright reject its policies against torture while other countries openly accept them, but surreptitiously still violate them. The US, IsraelRead MoreRussia And The Ukrainian Government1671 Words  | 7 PagesIn war-torn eastern Ukraine, both the Ukrainian government and the separatists acting on behalf of Russia violate the human rights established in the Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.Ukraine has been a nation in crisis since 2013, when then-president Viktor Yanukovych refused to sign an association agreement with the European Union that had been in the works for ye ars, instead choosing to strengthen ties with Russia. This led to a politicalRead MoreHuman Right Violations. Around The World The Thirty Different1243 Words  | 5 PagesHuman Right Violations Around the world the thirty different rights that are provided to every human being are being violated. The countries that are very notable to their human rights violations are Germany, Israel, Gambia, Kenya, Russia, Syria, and more. A solution that has been put to stop human rights violations are sanctions against countries, however these sanctions cost money and some countries do not have money therefore not all sanctions can be made. How can we the United States bring aboutRead MoreTorture Is It Ever Permissible?1191 Words  | 5 PagesPERMISSIBLE TO TORTURE SOMEONE                                 1                Is it ever permissible to torture a person  Patricia Brawn    PHI 103: Informal Logic    Elisabeth Nicholes     January 30, 2017                                      Running Head: IS IT EVER PERMISSIBLE TO TORTURE SOMEONE                                  2  Torture is considered to be a cruel and degrading act of causing severe pain either mentally or physically to another human being by usingRead MoreThe Double Complications Of Explorary Protocols922 Words  | 4 Pagesset of explanatory variables, namely individually and included in the CINC measure. This multicollinearity can lead to biased estimators of the dependent variable. A similar analysis is dealing with the question whether the content of various human rights conventions and the costs associated with their ratification will influence states decision to join the treaty in the first place (Cole, 2005, p. 472) .On the one hand, associated costs are the costs occurring with harmonizing policies and practicesRead MoreA Perspective On Human Rights892 Words  | 4 Pagesthe broader moral nature of human rights, and restrictive, in its recognition, utilisation and understanding of human right, allows a further debasement of the perspective, in that it utterly misinterprets human rights violations by both individualising, and decontextualizing them This point picks up a recurrent theme of this paper, that a legalist perspective on human rights has a reactionary approach with a focus on identifying the wrongdoer of a human rights violation , rather than to set peremptoryRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Rights1582 Words  | 7 PagesWhile the concept of human rights was not first developed during the Enlightenment period it made great advances during this time due to the change in thinking that took place. According to Kocchar online, â€Å"The thinkers of the Enlightenment believed that human reason could discover the natural laws of the universe, determine the natural rights of humankind, and thereby achieve continuous progress in human knowledge, technology, and society.†(Lesson I) This description of the change in thought isRead MoreDemocracy And Government Repression Essay. Democracy Is1620 Words  | 7 Pagesis a difficult concept to define, with almost every nation state in the world self-defining themselves as such, when in fact not all are. The complexity of the definition of democracy poses challenges when one is trying to analyse the causes and effects that democracy can have. Democracy occurs by degree, not in absolutes, further complicating analysis. The traditional definition of democracy prior to the revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries, was one of direct democracy, where every citizenRead MoreEssay on What is the Purpose of Prison and what Tries to Achieve1308 Words  | 6 PagesHowever, studies about prisoners mainly focus on the effects prison has on them and how it affects society. There is luck of research actually looking at the prisoner experiences inside the prison and what issues they face. The Human Rights, including sexual abuse, are very common in US, and the number of victims inside the prison is dramatic. Moreover, by looking at the UK prison statistics and taking into consideration the number of reported violations in UK, it gives us better perception of ho w underestimatedRead MoreThe Moral And Ethical Treatment Of Being Respected And Treated Humanely1702 Words  | 7 PagesFrom my perspective, dignity is the nourishment and affirmation of one’s self-worth; in other words, fuel that every human possesses and should have preserved to remain fully human. However, prominent 19th century social reformers like Jeremy Bentham were critical of the notion that prisoners ought to possess declared rights. Bentham thought it was naà ¯ve to reason that declared rights could exist outside the law, and his criticism derives from a theoretical commitment to a system where law, punishment
Monday, December 16, 2019
American Freedom Free Essays
The establishment of American society traces its roots back to the fifteenth century when Columbus discovered the existence of unknown land on this way to India. Since that time many people from all over the world have been taking refuge in the USA escaping from political or religious persecution. It has lead to outstanding ethnic diversity where human skin color varies from black, brown, and black to red and yellow. We will write a custom essay sample on American Freedom or any similar topic only for you Order Now Depending on their background former â€Å"newcomers†who have become ancestors of new American generations are called â€Å"African Americans†, â€Å"Asian Americans†, â€Å"Russian Americans†, etc. Obviously, highly mentioned representatives of worlds cultures have their own political and religious preferences that have resulted in an increasing number of different confessions (Buddhists, Catholics, Muslims, etc. ) and parties (Democrats, Communists, Republicans, Socialists, etc. ). However, American nation is characterized by the following distinct features common to overwhelming majority of people: †¢ Privacy and Individualism are the most important aspects of social independence all Americans value the most. Since their childhood Americans have been taught to consider themselves as independent part of a nation, social group, family, etc. They are used to make their own decisions but at the same time may seldom admit that there exist a number of external factors that greatly influence their decision making skills: stereotypes, mass media, social institutions, etc. They reject the idea of being similar to anybody else as they always strive to be different and unique. Newly arrived immigrants or those who accept Americans as guests from abroad may get a better picture of American culture and deeper insight into their beliefs and values only recognizing their true belief in freedom and self-reliance. The majority of Americans believe that in order to survive in modern world of commercialization and skim the cream off one should be free, independent, and self-reliant in terms of thoughts and decisions. This notion is also closely associated with how Americans treat their parents. More often than not, they show less intimate relationships with family members than other representatives of any other culture. They believe that biological/historical circumstances that brought together the parents and the child reach their purpose during child’s upbringing and adolescence after which the parent/child relationships decline and grow weaker. In some cases the connection may be totally lost especially taking into consideration the fact of vast territory of the country. Privacy is another part of American identity which is of great value when people want to psychologically â€Å"replenish†themselves or take their time to think about life situation, etc. †¢ How Americans perceive themselves? Typically, living in the USA its citizens never see themselves as representatives of their own country. Instead, they would rather compare themselves to people who are different from others regardless of the fact whether their â€Å"competitors†are of American or foreign origin. Many Americans make statements saying that their culture is not distinct enough to describe as they frequently visualize culture as a number of random traditions on the surface of society which can be distinct and common only in other cultures. Separate Americans sometimes believe that they established their priorities by themselves, rather than having had their thoughts and the considerations on which they are founded obtruded on them by their own culture. When asked to describe common features of American culture the majority of Americans fail to give a descent answer in some cases even rejecting the idea of â€Å"American culture†as a notion. Meanwhile, some Americans may gladly express their generalized their opinions about different groups and subcommunities within their own culture. Southerners have stereotypical views (generalized, simplified notions) about Northerners, and the other way round. There exists a wide range of traditionally set views about people from the country, from big cities, from inland, from the coasts, from the Southeast, religious and ethnic groups and those who live in Oregon, Texas, Big Apple, California, Arizona, Florida, Hawaii, etc. †¢ Materialism and Achievement. â€Å"She is a hard-working person,†one American may express his/her opinion towards another person, or â€Å"he does his job well. †These phrases denote the usual American’s respect for people who approaches a task thoroughly and persistently, brining it to a victorious finale. In addition, these phrases also denote respect for achievers, those people who do their best and put much effort to achieve their goals. Foreigners frequently have a feeling that American people work harder than people from abroad expect them to work. (More likely these visitors have been extremely subjective to American mass media production such as movies and TV programs which would typically show audience less working people but more of those who hang out and chill out driving cars and having dates). Regardless of the fact that some of the â€Å"Protestant†professional ethic may have lost some of its influence on Americans, there is still a strong faith that the perfect person must be a â€Å"hard worker. †A hard worker â€Å"gets everything right†in terms of his/her deadline, organizational skills, high standards of quality. Typically, Americans are keen on action. They really believe it is vital to devote much energy to their work or to other daily routine responsibilities. Moreover, they do believe they should be occupied most of the time. They are typically not satisfied, as representatives from many other cultures are, only to sit and have a talk with other people. They get bored and loose patience. They think they should be occupied with something, or at least make plans and arrangements for future. †¢ Directness and Assertiveness. Americans, as has been indicated above, normally take themselves as sincere, open-minded, and straight in their relationships with other people. Americans will often talk openly and straightly to others about things they do not like. They will make attempts to do so in a style they call â€Å"constructive,†which means a style which the other person will not accept as offensive or improper. If they do not talk sincerely about what is on their thoughts, they will frequently communicate their reaction in nonverbal way (no words, only facial expressions, body positions, and gestures). They are not aware, unlike people from many Asian countries are, that they are supposed to mask or sometimes hide their emotional reaction. Their phrases, the tone of their voice, or their facial expressions will more often than not show when their feelings of anger, unhappiness, confusion, or happiness. They think it is okay to show these feelings at least within limits. The majority of Asians feel embarrassed around Americans who are showing a strong emotional response to something. On the other hand, Latinos and Arabs are usually inclined to exhibit their emotions more candidly than Americans do, and to consider Americans as unemotional and cold. However, Americans are frequently less straight and open than they recognize it. There exist in fact many restrictions on their desire to discuss things honestly. Regardless of these limitations, Americans are usually more direct and sincere than people from many other cultures. They normally do not try to hide their emotions and are much less worried with â€Å"face†– avoiding awkwardness to themselves or others. To them, being â€Å"open†is typically more important than preserving harmony in interpersonal relationships. Americans use the words â€Å"assertive†or â€Å"hostile†to illustrate a person who is overly assertive in expressing thoughts or making requests. The line between acceptable assertiveness and unacceptable aggressiveness is difficult to draw. †¢ For American culture, time is a â€Å"resource,†like water or coal, which can be used properly or poorly. â€Å"Time is money. †â€Å"You only get so much time in life, so use it wisely. †The future will not be improved comparing to the past or the present, as Americans are used to take things, unless people use their time for constructive and promising activities. Therefore, Americans admire a â€Å"hard-working organized†people who write down things to be done and a schedule for doing them. The ideal person must be punctual (i. e. arrive at the scheduled time for event) and is considerate of other people’s time (that is, does not â€Å"waste people’s time†with conversation or other activity with no visible, beneficial outcome). References Brown, J. (2006). Americans. New York: Pocket Books. How to cite American Freedom, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Studies of Nursing Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Professional Studies Nursing. Answer: Nursing is reckoned as a noble profession within the healthcare domain whereby the concerned professionals are engaged in rendering holistic care and therapeutic interventions to the distressed patients, their families and communities in an effort to enhance the quality of living. Maintenance of optimal health and quicker recovery through attainment of proper health status is the primary motive of nursing intervention. Professional nursing practice is identified to be underpinned by the nursing accountability aspect that guides the course of treatment for the patient. The essential virtues that steer the effective practice of the vocation are integral to the provision of suitable care services (Krautscheid, 2014). Therefore, the following essay will aim to address the qualities of trust and empathy, active listening and non-judgmental approach used in nursing in the context of patient centered care. Discussions will be made regarding application of the qualities in the relevant circu mstances. The training of the nurses from the educational perspective requires the compliance with the virtues of empathy and trust to foster patient care. Vulnerability to human behavior is addressed by means of adequate nursing professionalism. Education regarding the following of the virtues is imparted to the trainee nurses from the very beginning at the basic preliminary level. Empathy, trust and compassion are the prerequisites of the nursing profession that are debated of being innately present in individuals who desire to pursue their career in this vocation. Patient relationship building alongside promotion of the therapeutic advantage in care is appreciated in the teaching of nursing for the novice. Exploitation of the nursing potential to its optimum level is carried out by the nurses for the sake of utilization of the nursing therapeutics as effective modalities of interventions (Richardson, Percy Hughes, 2015). Presence of the moral virtue of trust and empathy are debated to be i nherently present in the nurses and the patients feedback is emphasized in this respect. Often the smallest of the nursing actions and attitudes towards the patient are noted to convey empathy and trust thereby strengthening and gaining of the confidence of the patients. In real life situations, the nursing interventions relies n the prudence and pragmatism of the nurses to apply these virtues successfully in the therapeutic intervention for optimizing the treatment outcomes (Bramley Matiti, 2014). Recent evidences have suggested that the viability of the mindfulness into the nursing curriculum to increase the efficacy of the nursing intervention. The bridging of the professional life and the internal emotional space is suggested to be the outcome of the mindfulness regime. Tackling with the stressors in the scenario of the modern day healthcare service has been revealed to appear due to mindfulness intervention (Walker Mann, 2016). The virtues of empathy and trust are found to be vital in certain healthcare settings where definite strategies and therapies are required to effectively carry out the healthcare services. This is particularly relevant in situations where the empathetic and trusting engagement in relationship is likely to diminish the constraints thereby paving the way for accurate diagnosis and greater compliance to the therapeutic interventions on the part of the patient. This is particularly noticed in case of the obstetrics and gynecological setting in a hospital where the women tend to rely more on the nurses to stay by their side and ensure comfort and safety within the realm of the hospital setting. The new mothers are found to feel more secured because of their increased dependency on the nurses thereby allaying their nervousness, anxiety and worry pertaining to encountering of unprecedented situations and matter related to giving birth for the first time. Empathy and trust by the nurses are found to benefit these patients to a wide extent (Hojat, 2016). Nurses appointed in the psychiatric mental health setting are found to widely apply these virtues in their professional intervention to imply for holistic outcomes relevant to the particular set of patients. Systematic and comprehensive mental health nursing is required to deal with the mentally ill patients through effective therapies supported by trust and empathy to cope up with the diverse challenges that thwart their health related outcomes. When the patients confide in the nurse regarding their concerns and issues it become much easier for the nurse to devise suitable intervention plan based on the feedback retrieved from them. The management of the patient becomes convenient when the patient pays trust and shares their views and opinions to the nurses to make way for harboring best outcomes. In other cases, trust and empathy is desirable in communicating with the family of the patient to convey important informat ion pertinent to a specific context (Choi et al., 2016). Unlike any other profession that requires certain skills to manage the situation as it arises, nursing also demands certain timely intervention to combat issues and challenges without having the possibility of harming the person undergoing treatment. The vital attributes related to hope and acceptance of the prevailing condition is promoted by the nursing intervention in specific circumstances. The patients suffering from terminal illness and threatened by debilitating health conditions are likely to be benefited by means of fostering of these virtues. Cancer is a major thwarting disease that hampers the lives of many. On diagnosis of cancer, the persons state of mind undergoes drastic alteration when feelings of anxiety fear and hopelessness impacts the mental health state. Thus promotion of hope is capable of mitigating the anxiety and enhancing the quality of living in the patient. Thus, assessment of hope and promulgation of empathetic listening and treating the patients with dig nity has been recommended for the nurses to deal with the patients in a satisfactory manner. Thus, hope and quality of life is likely to be improved by fostering trust and empathy in the concerned individuals. The more the patient relies on the nurse, the better will be the therapeutic intervention outcomes (Rebecca Lichwala, 2014). The interaction of the nurses with the patients is another critical parameter to evaluate the efficacy of the nursing therapeutics. It is considered as a resource of hope and contributes largely to adding meaning to life and predicting the self-transcendence concept in the context of the nursing home patients. This particular holds true for the geriatric patients where the spiritual dimensions of living encompassing the above mentioned concepts in predicting the successful ageing, rendering life satisfaction and well being of the older population. Communication skills are indispensable in appreciating the care giving the patients. The daily care practice s carried out by the nurses is essential to the success of the healthcare services offered by these professionals for the distressed patients. Providing hope and acceptance of the situation and strengthening the mental make up to cope up with a situation is an important feature of the nursing profession. This is further strengthened in the light of building up of trust and empathy (Haugan, 2014). The ever-increasing multicultural concepts in the healthcare sector have opened up avenues for the transcultural nursing that aimed to address the holistic care of the patients. Necessary knowledge and skills in cultural competency account for resulting in appreciating the cultural differences in healthcare beliefs, customs and values. In this regard, the practice of active .listening and nonjudgmental approach is considered vital to underpin the success of the nursing interventions (Giger, 2016). The attribute of active listening helps in paying attention to the essential requirements of the patient through exchange of information and sharing of their experiences. The evaluation of the health outcomes through understanding of the patient satisfaction is the motive of the transcultural nursing. In clinical practice the spiritual care services offered by the nursing professionals is a vital component to ensure the efficient intervention in the clinical context. Comprehensive staff tra ining and practical quality assessments guidelines are considered significant in this respect to facilitate the competent practice of nursing (Ramezani et al., 2014). Further the notion of the active listening and non-judgmental approach is crucial to the abidance of cultural safety in public health nursing. Effective communication with the family members and the clients themselves are done through following of principle of active listening. Timely informing the stakeholders about the possible threats and benefits of undergoing the therapeutic interventions is done through following a non-judgmental approach whereby the concerns of all involved are shared (Richardson, Yarwood Richardson, 2016). Thus the active listening is considered vital in the practice of nursing to account for holistic outcomes in the patient. Review of the vital attributes that define the nursing practice, it may be inferred that these characteristics are crucial to the satisfactory performance of the nursing service. The multicultural set up of the healthcare setting offers great challenges in front of the nursing professionals to carry out their duties in a competent manner. Collective and individualistic efforts in nursing are aimed to narrow the healthcare disparity, accentuate the efficacy of the interventions provided through mutual agreements of healthcare needs, knowledge and experience. Nurses being the frontline healthcare facility providers are entrusted with the responsibility of performing their skills and abiding by the ethico-legal guidelines as lay down by the appropriate authorities (Darnell Hickson, 2015). Improvement of the healthcare outcomes by means of facilitation of the healthcare services thereby accounting for promotion of patient satisfaction is another crucial task that a nurse needs to perfor m as part of the professional duty. References Bramley, L., Matiti, M. (2014). How does it really feel to be in my shoes? Patients' experiences of compassion within nursing care and their perceptions of developing compassionate nurses.Journal of clinical nursing,23(19-20), 2790-2799. Choi, H., Hwang, B., Kim, S., Ko, H., Kim, S., Kim, C. (2016). Clinical Education In psychiatric mental health nursing: Overcoming current challenges.Nurse education today,39, 109-115. Darnell, L. K., Hickson, S. V. (2015). Cultural competent patient-centered nursing care.Nursing Clinics of North America,50(1), 99-108. Giger, J. N. (2016).Transcultural nursing: Assessment and intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Haugan, G. (2014). Nursepatient interaction is a resource for hope, meaning in life and self?transcendence in nursing home patients.Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences,28(1), 74-88. Hojat, M. (2016). Empathy and patient outcomes. InEmpathy in Health Professions Education and Patient Care(pp. 189-201). Springer International Publishing. Krautscheid, L. C. (2014). Defining professional nursing accountability: a literature review.Journal of Professional Nursing,30(1), 43-47. Ramezani, M., Ahmadi, F., Mohammadi, E., Kazemnejad, A. (2014). Spiritual care in nursing: a concept analysis.International nursing review,61(2), 211-219. Rebecca Lichwala, R. N. (2014). Fostering hope in the patient with cancer.Clinical journal of oncology nursing,18(3), 267. Richardson, A., Yarwood, J., Richardson, S. (2016). Expressions of cultural safety in public health nursing practice.Nursing inquiry. Richardson, C., Percy, M., Hughes, J. (2015). Nursing therapeutics: Teaching student nurses care, compassion and empathy.Nurse education today,35(5), e1-e5. Walker, M., Mann, R. A. (2016). Exploration of mindfulness in relation to compassion, empathy and reflection within nursing education.
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